Health Belief Model: Health Preventive Behavior of Sexually Transmitted Infection in Female Sex Workers in Surakarta

Abstract

Background: Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI), such as HIV/ AIDS, is a public health problem. The prevalence of HIV in Indonesia in 2014 was 32,711 cases, and the prevalence of AIDS was 5,494 cases. In 2015 the Municipality Health Office of Surakarta found 71 cases of STI, consisting of 18 cases of HIV, 47 cases of AIDS, and 6 cases of Siphilis. A female sex worker may have several sexual partners per day. As studies have shown, female sex workers have 12 times higher risk of HIV infection than loyal housewife. Condom use can reduce up to 85% risk of HIV transmission. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting STI preventive behavior among female sex workers in Surakarta, using Health Belief Model (HBM). Subjects and Method:This was an observational analytic study with cross-sectional design. This study was conducted in Banjarsari, Surakarta, Indonesia, from August to October 2016. A total of 130 female sex workers were selected at random. The independent variables were perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefit, perceived barrier, cues to action, and selfefficacy. The dependent variable was STI preventive behavior. The data was collected by questionnaire and analyzed by logistic regression model. Results: Perceived susceptibility (OR=7.45; CI=95%; 1.61 to 49.89; p=0.012), severity (OR=4.02; CI=95%; 1.14 to 14.17; p=0.310), benefit (OR=5.63; 95% CI; 1.10 to 28.91; p=0.390), barrier (OR = 0.18; 95% CI; 0.02 to 0.70; p=0,018), cues to action (OR=7.32; CI=95%; 1,18 to 29.29; p=0.050), self-efficacy (OR=5.10; CI=95%; 1.10 to 23.58; p=0.370), had positive effects on STI preventive behavior. Conclusion: Perceived susceptibility, severity, benefit, barrier, cues to action, self-efficacy, had positive effects on STI preventive behavior. This study supports the applicability of the HBM constructs when they are used to explain factors affecting STI prevention behavior.

Risk Factor Analysis of HIV/AIDS Transmission to Loading Workers in Port of Padang City

“…This research is opposite with Wulandari, et al's research showing that there is a significant influence between perception of vulnerability and sexually transmitted infections prevention behavior in female sex worker (FSW) in Banjarsari Surakarta p = 0.012, where the stronger perception of vulnerability of a FSW, the greater the possibility of having healthy behavior in preventing sexually transmitted infections [14]. However, this study is in line with the study of Umam, et.al which shows that the perception of vulnerability is not related to HIV prevention behavior in University Students in Indonesia in 2017 [15].…”

Hubungan Karakteristik Sosiodemografi Dengan Health Belief Penggunaan Kondom Pada Wanita Pekerja Seks Komersial (Psk)

“…Semakin lemah persepsi hambatan seorang PSK maka akan semakin besar kemungkinan memiliki perilaku sehat dalam pencegahan IMS. Semakin kuat stimulus tindakan seorang PSK maka akan semakin besar kemungkinan memiliki perilaku sehat dalam pencegahan HIV/AIDS [10].…”

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“…Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Wulandari, Suryani & Poncorini (2017) Berbagai solusi permasalahan HIV dan AIDS yang dapat dilakukan diantaranya melaksanakan bimbingan sosial, pemberian konseling, dan pelayanan sosial termasuk pelayanan kesehatan sebagai langkah untuk mengantisipasi agar kematian akibat HIV dapat dihindari serta upaya untuk meningkatkan harapan hidup. 12…”

“…Apabila seseorang mengganggap bahwa penyakit tersebut bukan penyakit yang gawat maka mereka cenderung tidak melakukan perilaku pencegahan. 14 Menurut penelitian Wulandari (2017) Dalam teori Health Belief Model dijelaskan bahwa persepsi positif perilaku pencegahan (perceived benefits) merupakan penilaian individu mengenai keuntungan yang didapat dengan mengadopsi perilaku kesehatan yang disarankan. Seseorang akan merasa bahwa tindakan tersebut dapat memberikan banyak manfaat jika menurutnya dapat mereduksi kemungkinan ia dapat menderita penyakit (susceptibility) dan keseriusan dampak penyakit tersebut terhadap kehidupannya.…”