The cPT was proven to be a valid and reliable test to measure the increase of knowledge of medical students and was also useful to provide feedback for curriculum evaluation in the three medical schools. Further improvement is required in assuring the test blueprint and the content of the test items.
Background: Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI), such as HIV/ AIDS, is a public health problem. The prevalence of HIV in Indonesia in 2014 was 32,711 cases, and the prevalence of AIDS was 5,494 cases. In 2015 the Municipality Health Office of Surakarta found 71 cases of STI, consisting of 18 cases of HIV, 47 cases of AIDS, and 6 cases of Siphilis. A female sex worker may have several sexual partners per day. As studies have shown, female sex workers have 12 times higher risk of HIV infection than loyal housewife. Condom use can reduce up to 85% risk of HIV transmission. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting STI preventive behavior among female sex workers in Surakarta, using Health Belief Model (HBM). Subjects and Method:This was an observational analytic study with cross-sectional design. This study was conducted in Banjarsari, Surakarta, Indonesia, from August to October 2016. A total of 130 female sex workers were selected at random. The independent variables were perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefit, perceived barrier, cues to action, and selfefficacy. The dependent variable was STI preventive behavior. The data was collected by questionnaire and analyzed by logistic regression model. Results: Perceived susceptibility (OR=7.45; CI=95%; 1.61 to 49.89; p=0.012), severity (OR=4.02; CI=95%; 1.14 to 14.17; p=0.310), benefit (OR=5.63; 95% CI; 1.10 to 28.91; p=0.390), barrier (OR = 0.18; 95% CI; 0.02 to 0.70; p=0,018), cues to action (OR=7.32; CI=95%; 1,18 to 29.29; p=0.050), self-efficacy (OR=5.10; CI=95%; 1.10 to 23.58; p=0.370), had positive effects on STI preventive behavior. Conclusion: Perceived susceptibility, severity, benefit, barrier, cues to action, self-efficacy, had positive effects on STI preventive behavior. This study supports the applicability of the HBM constructs when they are used to explain factors affecting STI prevention behavior.
Background: Infants with low birth weight or LBW is one of the risk factors for infant mortality. Complications LBW actually can be prevented and dealt with, but is constrained by access to health care, socio-economic circumstances, a referral system that has not gone well, delays in early detection and awareness of parents to seek medical help. By looking at the number of deaths caused by LBW remains high, and research on the causes of LBW widely used partial analysis, and have not been analyzed in stages, the researchers conducted this research with multilevel analysis. Subjects and Method: This was an observational studt with case control design. A total sample of 120 infants were selected by fixed disease sampling with a ratio of 1: 2 between cases and controls. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. Results: There are three variables at the individual level were significantly associated with LBW and was statistically significant can among others, mother's education (OR= 0.19; 95% CI= 0:07 to 0.53; p= 0.001), history of ANC t (OR= 7.76; 95% CI= 2.18 to 27.62; p= 0.002) and the nutritional mother status (OR= 5.61; 95% CI= 0.21 to 0.79; p= 0.008) and the variables that are not statistically significant is the mother's age and family income, and there are no contextual role within house with wellness facilities with LBW expressed by ICC < 0.001. Conclusion:The influence of maternal education, a history of the ANC examination and nutritional status of mothers with LBW and there is no contextual role of distance between home and health care facilities with LBW. This study suggests to health professional to improve the coverage of the ANC.
Background: Neonatus given birth by pregnant mothers suffering from excessive anxiety and stress have higher risk of low-birthweight, small head circumference, low APGAR score at birth, in adequate neurologyc development, premature birth, weak immunity system, and emotional disorder, than those given birth by happy mothers. This study aimed to examine the effect of effectiveness of hypnobirthing in reducing anxiety level during delivery. Subjects and Method: This was an analytic experimental study with Randomized Control Trial (RCT) design. A sample of 30 pregnant mothers near delivery date was selected for this study and allocated into hypnobirthing group and no-hypnobirthing group. The dependent variable was anxiety during delivery. The independent variable was hypnobirthing. The anxiety level between the two groups was tested by Mann Whitney. Results: After intervention, pregnant mothers who received hypnobirthing had anxiety level as low as 41.33 (p=0.003). Pregnant mothers who did not receive hypnobirthing had anxiety level as low as 51.60 (p=0.003). The reduction of anxiety between the two groups was statistically significant. Conclusion: Hypnobirthing can effectively reduce anxiety among pregnant mothers during birth delivery.
Background:The maternal mortality rate (MMR) which is still high has now become the priority in order to find its solution. Midwives play a very significant role in making efforts to reduce MMR through antenatal care (ANC) services. The performance of midwives directly influences the quality of service and health outcomes in the public health centers. The performance of midwives in ANC can be seen based on the coverage of K1 and K4. This study aimed to determine the contextual effect of public health centers and other factors that influence the performance of midwives in antenatal care services. Subjects and Method: This study was conducted using observational analytic with cross sectional approach. It was done in 25 health centers in Samarinda, East Kalimantan in April-May 2019. The number of samples was 180 midwives selected using the total sampling technique. The dependent variable is the performance of the midwife. The independent variables include age, knowledge, tenure, training, workload, incentive, supervision, and motivation. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by multilevel multiple logistic regression. Results: Midwife performance was influenced by age >45 years (b = -2.48; 95% CI = -4.53 to -4.34; p = 0.018), good knowledge (b = 1.35; 95% CI = 0.38 to 2.31; p = 0.006), tenure ≥13 years (b = 1.89; 95% CI = -0.07 to 3.86; p = 0.059), training ≥2 (b = 1.30; 95% CI = 0.29 to 2.30; p = 0.011), heavy workload (b = -1.30; 95% CI = -2.27 to -0.34; p = 0.008), incentive (b = 1.74; 95% CI = 0.30 to 3.18; p = 0.018), supervision (b = 1.12; 95% CI = 0.19 to 2.05; p = 0.017), and high motivation (b = 1.42; 95% CI = 0.45 to 2.38; p = 0.004). There was no contextual influence of public health center on the performance of midwives in antenatal care services (ICC = <1%). Conclusion: Age, knowledge, tenure, training, workload, incentives, supervision, and motivation are associated with midwives performance. There is no contextual influence of public health centers on the performance of midwives.
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