Evaluation of seasonal variation of water quality using multivariate statistical analysis and irrigation parameter indices in Ajakanga area, Ibadan, Nigeria

Abstract

The variation of groundwater quality across different regions is of great importance in the study of groundwater so as to ascertain the sources of contaminants to available water sources. Geochemical assessment of groundwater samples from hand-dug wells were done within the vicinity of Ajakanga dumpsite, Ibadan, Southwestern, Nigeria, with the aim of assessing their suitability for domestic and irrigation purposes. Ten groundwater samples were collected both in dry and wet seasons for analysis of physicochemical parameters such as: pH, EC, TDS, Naprincipal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were used to determine probable sources of groundwater contamination. The results of the analyses showed the groundwater samples to be within permissible limits of WHO/NSDWQ, while elevated values of concentrations of most analyzed chemical constituents in water samples were noticed in S 1 and S 10 due to their nearness to the dumpsite and agricultural overflow, respectively. Groundwater in the study area is of hard, fresh and alkaline nature. There are very strong associations between EC and TDS, HCO in both seasons. PCA identified five and three major factors accounting for 95.7 and 88.7% of total variation in water quality for dry and wet seasons, respectively. PCA also identified factors influencing water quality as those probably related to mineral dissolution, groundwater-rock interaction, weathering process and anthropogenic activities from the dumpsite. Results of CA show groups based on similar water quality characteristics and on the extent of proximity to the dumpsite. Assessment for irrigation purpose showed that most of the water samples were suitable for agricultural purpose except in a few locations.

Groundwater quality monitoring for agriculture irrigated in Catol Do Rocha, Paraba State, Brazil

“…The reported situation resembles the sequences recorded by Jang et al (2012) in Taiwan, Hassanli and Ebrahimian (2016) in Karaj, Maskooni et al (2017) in Iran, Rassol et al (2016) in Pakistan, Koffi et al (2017) in Ghana, Gill and Terry (2016) in Australia, Ganiyu et al (2018) in Nigeria, among many others. The results also show that composition terms and salt content the semiarid world present situation, even considering the differences in soil source materials, is very similar between the West and the East lands.…”

“…This peculiarity, in part, is due to insufficient and irregular rainfall, high temperature air and soil, low humidity, high evaporation rates and evapotranspiration. Beyond the quantitative aspects (regular rainfall and volume of water available), specifically in agriculture, the world also needs chemical quality water that allows the use in the irrigation without causing high edaphic degradation and high cultures production losses (Cavalcante et al, 2012;Ganiyu et al 2018). In addition to these inconveniences, the surface and groundwater salt content in semi-arid areas, which is generally above the limits tolerated by plants to human food and animals importance, results in a serious *Corresponding author.…”

“…The use of water with restrictions due to excess salts in irrigated agriculture, irrespective of the source (surface or underground source), requires the monitoring of the electrical conductivity, cation and dissolved concentrations (Medeiros et al, 2003;Barroso et al, 2011;Jang et al, 2012;Oliveira et al, 2013;Lira et al, 2015;Chu et al, 2016;Rassol et al, 2017;Ganiyu et al, 2018). This monitoring, if possible, should be at various times of the year, considering one or more sources of property, municipality or watershed, making possible a specific panorama and the elaboration of strategies of use of this water resource.…”

Multivariate Analysis for Assessing Irrigation Water Quality: A Case Study of the Bahr Mouise Canal, Eastern Nile Delta

“…The authors of [116] identified four principal components in order to evaluate overall water quality. On the other hand, the seasonal and temporal variations of irrigation water quality in the Ajakanga area, Ibadan, Nigeria were examined by Ganiyu et al [117] using PCA, and they reported that 95.7% (dry seasons) and 88.7% (wet seasons) of the total variance of the data set were represented by five principal components. The seasonal alterations in water quality were related to the weathering process, mineral dissolution, groundwater-rock interaction, and anthropogenic activities.…”

Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Groundwater Quality of the Shallow Coastal Aquifer of Eastern Dahomey Basin, Southwestern Nigeria

“…Statistical methods have proven to be useful for delineating hydrochemical processes [39][40][41][42][43][44]. In this study, a statistical method involving a summary of the minimum, maximum, mean and standard deviation was conducted for the physicochemical data to enable basic comparison, while the multivariate method of regression was run using the REGTEL software.…”