Abstract:Despite the increasing interest in climate change and water security, research linking climate change and groundwater quality is still at an early stage. This study explores the seasonal effect of the change in biogeochemical process for the redox-sensitive ions and metals Fe2+, Mn2+, SO42−, and NO3− to assess the groundwater quality of the shallow coastal aquifer of Eastern Dahomey Basin in southwestern Nigeria. Field physicochemical measurement of EC, pH TDS, Eh, salinity, temperature, and the static water l… Show more
“…Generally, most hydrochemical parameters show wide variation and are relatively higher in the dry season when compared with the wet season. This variation could be ascribed to mixing due to precipitation in the wet season and hydrochemical processes of oxidation and reduction associated with intense evaporation in dry season ( Aladejana et al., 2020 ). Figure 9 Spatial distribution maps of anions for wet season (a, c, e) and dry season (b, d, f).…”
Hydrochemical investigation of groundwater was carried out on the coastal aquifers of Ogun Waterside, Southwestern Nigeria. Groundwater samples were collected and assayed for physicochemical parameters during wet season (August, 2016) and dry season (March, 2017). The analysed data were further subjected to correlation analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), hydrochemical facies and descriptive statistics. Results revealed that the groundwater is slightly acidic with fresh to saline character. The CA showed very strong associations between TDS, EC and Cl concentrations in both wet and dry seasons. PCA confirmed the main factor influencing the groundwater chemistry in the study area to be component I (salinity component). Piper plots also revealed that the aquifer is mainly of
water type. Schoeller and Stiff diagrams showed that the groundwater comprises relative abundance of major ions in the following order:
for the cations and
for the anions. Thus, the primary process influencing the hydrochemistry of the study area is saltwater invasion while mineral dissolution and rainwater infiltration play less significant roles. Most parameters fall within the permissible limit proposed by the World Health Organization (2011) and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (2007). However, higher concentrations of chloride and bicarbonate ions observed towards the southern flank of the study area suggest signs of impairment. Assessment of the sampled water for agricultural purposes with respect to salinity hazard, Total Hardness (TH), percentage sodium (%Na) and Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) revealed that the water is suitable for agricultural activities.
“…Generally, most hydrochemical parameters show wide variation and are relatively higher in the dry season when compared with the wet season. This variation could be ascribed to mixing due to precipitation in the wet season and hydrochemical processes of oxidation and reduction associated with intense evaporation in dry season ( Aladejana et al., 2020 ). Figure 9 Spatial distribution maps of anions for wet season (a, c, e) and dry season (b, d, f).…”
Hydrochemical investigation of groundwater was carried out on the coastal aquifers of Ogun Waterside, Southwestern Nigeria. Groundwater samples were collected and assayed for physicochemical parameters during wet season (August, 2016) and dry season (March, 2017). The analysed data were further subjected to correlation analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), hydrochemical facies and descriptive statistics. Results revealed that the groundwater is slightly acidic with fresh to saline character. The CA showed very strong associations between TDS, EC and Cl concentrations in both wet and dry seasons. PCA confirmed the main factor influencing the groundwater chemistry in the study area to be component I (salinity component). Piper plots also revealed that the aquifer is mainly of
water type. Schoeller and Stiff diagrams showed that the groundwater comprises relative abundance of major ions in the following order:
for the cations and
for the anions. Thus, the primary process influencing the hydrochemistry of the study area is saltwater invasion while mineral dissolution and rainwater infiltration play less significant roles. Most parameters fall within the permissible limit proposed by the World Health Organization (2011) and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (2007). However, higher concentrations of chloride and bicarbonate ions observed towards the southern flank of the study area suggest signs of impairment. Assessment of the sampled water for agricultural purposes with respect to salinity hazard, Total Hardness (TH), percentage sodium (%Na) and Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) revealed that the water is suitable for agricultural activities.
“…Precipitation projections for SSA also show large spatial variability with some areas expected to observe a decrease while others will experience an increase (Almazroui et al, 2020). Climate change is also expected to affect groundwater quality in SSA (Aladejana et al, 2020). These factors will have serious implications for water security in the region.…”
Section: Socio‐economic and Environmental Factors Driving Water Insecurity In Sub‐saharan Africamentioning
The world is nearing the 2030 target‐year by which sustainable development goals (SDGs) should be achieved. While other developing regions seem to be making progress toward achieving SDG6, sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) is lagging behind significantly, particularly with regard to access to water supply and sanitation (WSS). As a result, most studies evaluating progress toward the achievement of water security SDGs in SSA have focused on WSS while the rest of the SDG6 targets have received scant attention, often using fragmented or incomplete evidence. Here, we fill this knowledge gap by conducting a comprehensive assessment of the status of SDG6 in all 48 countries in SSA. We provide a review of the progress made, the challenges affecting each SDG6 target and examine the different political, socioeconomic, and environmental factors with potential to undermine the achievement of SDG6 in the region. Our review clearly demonstrates that it is likely that most countries may not achieve water security by 2030. The complex nature of the challenges and factors impeding the achievement of water security in SSA outlined here suggests that a holistic intervention involving local, national, and international stakeholders and the research community is urgently needed to address SDG6 if the 2030 target date is to be met. Approaches to enhance water security may equally consider: (a) underpinning peace and security in SSA and (b) the commitment of more financial resources by donors particularly during this period of COVID‐19 pandemic.
This article is categorized under:
Human Water
Human Water > Water Governance
Engineering Water > Planning Water
“…This is consistent with earlier studies for the concentrations of Cl − , NO 3 − and SO 4 2− (Ganiyu et al, 2018) and NO 3 − (Bexfield and Jurgens, 2014). This could be attributed to change in the intensity of hydrochemical processes (e.g., evaporation, redox and mineral precipitation) in the dry season (Aladejana et al, 2020). Wells are over-exploited during the dry season to meet high water demand which is usually offset by rainfall during the wet season.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The quality of groundwater from SHDWs is influenced by season of the year (Ganiyu et al, 2018), depth to water level (Chuang et al, 2019) and distance (Yan et al, 2017) relative to the source of contamination. Groundwater near mine sites was reported to be contaminated with PTEs (Kim et al, 2017;Singh and Kamal, 2017;Akoto et al, 2019). Reported MTD failures (Kossoff et al, 2014;Armstrong et al, 2019) demonstrate the importance of carefully planned post-mining waste management, and the associated public health effects.…”
Groundwater from shallow hand-dug wells at an abandoned gold mine tailings dam was characterised for selected physicochemical parameters during dry and wet seasons of 2018 and 2019. Health risk exposure of the local population (adults and children) through ingestion and dermal exposure was assessed. Groundwater quality parameters were lower than international drinking water quality guidelines (p < 0.05). The parameters were significantly influenced by season of the year (As, Cl−, SO42−), nature (As, Cd, Cl−, Fe, NO3−, SO42−), depth (Cd, Cl−, Fe, Ni, SO42−) and direction of the well (Cu, Cl−, Fe, NO3−, Pb, SO42−) (p < 0.05) relative to the tailings dam. Groundwater did not pose non-carcinogenic risk due to studied trace elements. However, arsenic had the potential to cause medium to high cancer risk to the local population. We propose re-vegetation of the tailings dam, diversion of surface tailings drainage to a containment pond and the provision of continuous piped water supplies.
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