The variation of groundwater quality across different regions is of great importance in the study of groundwater so as to ascertain the sources of contaminants to available water sources. Geochemical assessment of groundwater samples from hand-dug wells were done within the vicinity of Ajakanga dumpsite, Ibadan, Southwestern, Nigeria, with the aim of assessing their suitability for domestic and irrigation purposes. Ten groundwater samples were collected both in dry and wet seasons for analysis of physicochemical parameters such as: pH, EC, TDS, Naprincipal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were used to determine probable sources of groundwater contamination. The results of the analyses showed the groundwater samples to be within permissible limits of WHO/NSDWQ, while elevated values of concentrations of most analyzed chemical constituents in water samples were noticed in S 1 and S 10 due to their nearness to the dumpsite and agricultural overflow, respectively. Groundwater in the study area is of hard, fresh and alkaline nature. There are very strong associations between EC and TDS, HCO in both seasons. PCA identified five and three major factors accounting for 95.7 and 88.7% of total variation in water quality for dry and wet seasons, respectively. PCA also identified factors influencing water quality as those probably related to mineral dissolution, groundwater-rock interaction, weathering process and anthropogenic activities from the dumpsite. Results of CA show groups based on similar water quality characteristics and on the extent of proximity to the dumpsite. Assessment for irrigation purpose showed that most of the water samples were suitable for agricultural purpose except in a few locations.
A four-electrode equipment which can be made available in the physics laboratory was designed and fabricated for measuring current and potential values so as to obtain the resistivity values. Readings taken from our chosen location using both Wenner and Schlumberger arrays were analysed. In the resistivity method, the Wenner configuration discriminates between resistivities of different geoelectric lateral layers while the Schlumberger configuration is used for the ‘depth sounding’. The theory behind the resistivity method was introduced with some degree of sophistication. Experimentally determined values of depth to surface were correlated with the values determined from the excavated site and this gave a good correlation. It was observed that the resistivity value in the chosen location increases with the depth and the Schlumberger method was seen to have a greater penetration than the Wenner.
A magnetic survey of Ibadan area in the South-Western part of Nigeria was performed as part of the largest airborne geophysical survey blocks flown between 2003 and 2010 by the Nigeria Geological Survey Agency. Two magnetic data enhancement procedures were employed to determine their effectiveness in characterizing the study area. The upward continuation together with reduction to Pole technique significantly improve the interpretation of magnetic data in terms of discriminating between shallow and deep magnetic sources within the study area.
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