Enhanced extraction yields and mobile phase separations by solvent mixtures for the analysis of metabolites in Annona muricata L. leaves

Abstract

The effects of five extraction solvents and their mixtures on the yield of metabolites in crude and fractionated extracts of Annona muricata L. leaves were investigated by direct comparison. Extraction media were prepared using simplex centroid mixtures of ethanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, acetone, and chloroform. The effects of the mobile phase solvent strength and the analysis wavelength on the chromatographic separation were also investigated. Solvent mixtures rather than pure solvents were found to be the most efficient extractors for the different fractions. The results indicated that the mobile phase composed of methanol/acetonitrile/water (26:27:47 v/v/v) was most suitable for the basic fraction analysis at 254 nm, whereas the mobile phase composed of methanol/acetonitrile/water (35:35:30 v/v/v) was the most adequate for the organic fraction analysis at 254 nm. The results indicated that the chromatographic profiles and number of peaks were affected by the mobile phase strength and analysis wavelength.

Review of Phytochemical and Medical Applications of Annona Muricata Fruits

“…The edible fruits of the tree are large, heartshaped and green in color, and the diameter varies between 15 and 20 cm ( Figure 1) [15]. Each fruit contains about 55-170 black seeds when are fresh [15,16]. Soft, curved spines cover the leathery skin of the fruits, each of which may contain 55-170 black seeds distributed in a creamy white flesh with a characteristic aroma and flavor [11,17].…”

The graviola impact on human astroglioma cells: functional significance of MUDENG

“…7,9 Biological and biochemical characterization of the extracts indicate that annonaceous acetogenins are the main ingredients of graviola. 10,11 Principally, graviola plays a predominant role in promoting anticancer activity. Graviola leaves have been subjected to investigation against human diseases, of which cancer is the most reported.…”

Annona muricata Extract Reduces Inflammation via Inactivation of NALP3 Inflammasome

“…It is cultivated throughout all tropical and subtropical regions of the world 2 . It is an evergreen, erect tree of large yellow flowers, shiny roundish dark green leaves and huge oval green fruit 3 . Annona species, especially Annona muricata (AM), have been wellknown for their richness in Annonaceous Acetogenin compounds (AGEs) 4 .…”

“…Anciently, the fruit was used to treat arthritic pain, rheumatism, dysentery, diarrhea, fever, parasites, worms and skin rushes 11 . The leaves are active against diabetes, cystitis, rheumatism, and headaches [12][13][14] . Seeds were used as anti-helmintic against various internal and external parasites and worms 15 .…”