Nanomaterial integration into tissue culture for prospective uninterrupted progressive plant tissue culture.

When we drink green tea infusion, we believe we are drinking the extract of the green tea leaves. While practically each tea bag infused in 300 mL water contains about 50 mg of suspended green tea leaf particles. What is the role of these particles in the green tea effect is the objective of this study. These particles (three different size ranges) were isolated via varying speed centrifugation and their respective inputs evaluated. Live oral bacterial samples from human volunteers have been screened against green tea extracts and macro, micro and nano sized green tea particles. The results showed that the presence/absence of the macro and mico sized tea particles in the green tea extract did not contribute much. However, the nano sized particles were characterized to be nature’s nano stores of the bioactive catechins. Eradication of these nano tea particles resulted in decrease in the bactericidal property of the green tea extracts. This is a curtain raiser investigation, busting the nano as well as green tea leaf particle contribution in green tea extracts.

Title: Chitosan nanomagnets for eff ective extraction and sensitive mass spectrometric detection of pathogenic bacterial endotoxin from human urineThis work demonstrates the technology for the recovery of trace levels of endotoxin from urine samples and their detection using MALDI-MS. CuFeO 2 @chitosan nanomagnets showed 250 times more sensitivity compared to MALDI-MS conventional technique for separation and detection of endotoxin from urine.

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For the first time, we have investigated the bacterial toxicity or compatibility properties of Pt nanoparticles (NPs) with different sizes (P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5). The bacterio-toxic or compatible properties of these five different sized Pt NPs with the clinical pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa were explored by many analytical methods such as the conventional plate count method, matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence sensoring techniques. The results revealed that the 1–3 nm sized (P1 and P2) Pt NPs showed bacterio-toxic properties while the 4–21 nm (P3, P4 and P5) Pt NPs exhibited bacterio-compatible properties. This is the first study which reports the bacterial toxicity of Pt NPs. The information released from this study is significantly important to future clinical, medical, biological and biomedical applications of Pt NPs.

This review surveys all the state-of-art applications of quantum dots (QDs) in conventional and modern analytical methods in proteomic studies. A brief introduction of QDs and their properties is initially presented followed by outlining the application of QDs in fluorescence, MS, imaging, and cancer-based proteomics. The in-depth application of QDs in MALDI-MS and surface assisted laser desorption/ionization-MS has been elaborately discussed, summarizing the speculated mechanism behind the protein-QDs interactions during QD matrix applications leading to enhanced detection sensitivity.

The present study was undertaken because ZnO is being used as affinity probes for enhancing the signal intensities of bacterial analytes. Since, ZnO is established for its bactericidal activity, it is vital that the threshold concentrations up to which ZnO does not show bactericidal activity and above which concentration the bactericidal activity of ZnO becomes pronounced is identified. The results showed that at concentrations below 10 g/L, such as 5 and 1 g/L ZnO NPs did not damage the E. coli cells much but improved the intensity of most of the peaks in the spectra. For the first time, this paper reports the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for assessing the damage incurred on the bacterial cells. The results showed significant differences in spectral pattern confirming that MALDI-TOF MS was successful in evaluating the bactericidal activity. This paper is unique in that it presents the results of the comparative study conducted in assessing the capability of MALDI-TOF MS with the existing conventional plating technique which is generally used to estimate bactericidal activity. This study brings out the inadequacy of the conventional plating techniques used in microbiology to depict antibacterial activity. On the other hand, MALDI-MS analysis led to direct, simple, and rapid acquisition of data (5 min for each measurement) which promptly reflected the bactericidal activity.

Biofouling is one of the concerns in the use of titanium for seawater cooled condensers of power plants. Earlier studies have shown that anodized titanium and its alloys with a thin film of anatase (TiO(2)) on its surface can inhibit attachment of Pseudomonas sp. when illuminated with near-UV light (350 - 380 nm). In the present study, a comparison of the photocatalytic inhibition of microbial attachment on titanium surfaces anodized at different voltages was carried out. Thin films of anatase of varying thickness were produced on titanium grade-2 by anodizing in dilute orthophosphoric acid solution at 30 V, 50 V and 100 V. The photocatalytic efficiency of these anodized surfaces was measured by the methylene blue degradation method. The anodised surfaces were exposed to liquid cultures of Gram-negative Pseudomonas sp., Gram-positive Micrococcus sp. and to a mixed algal culture. Photocatalytic inhibition of microbial attachment was maximum on the titanium surface anodized at 30 V, followed by the surface anodized at 50 V and then at 100 V. The photocatalytic inhibition of microbial attachment was also found to be dependent on the cell wall characteristics of the organism. The Gram-negative Pseudomonas sp. with a lipoproteinaceous outer membrane was the most susceptible to the photocatalytic effect, while the Gram-positive Micrococcus sp. with peptidoglycan cell wall showed moderate susceptibility and the algae with siliceous cell wall showed no susceptibility at all.