Effects of Two Different Weight Training Programs on Swimming Performance and Muscle Enzyme Activities and Fiber Type

Abstract

The effects of 2 different weight training programs incorporating bench press (BP) and pullover (PO) exercises on swimming performance, power, enzyme activity, and fiber type distribution were studied on 16 men (age = 23 ± 4 years). A 30-second group (n = 6) performed up to 20 repetitions of BP and PO in 30 seconds. The 2-minute group (n = 6) performed a maximum of 80 repetitions of BP and PO in 2 minutes. As participants reached the prescribed 20 or 80 repetitions, the weight was increased 4.5 kg. A third group (n = 4) served as nontraining controls. Exercise groups trained 3 times per week for 6 weeks. Maximal effort swims of 50 and 200 yd were performed before and after training. Training resulted in increases in work on both exercises in both groups pre- to post-training (BP 30 seconds, 722 ± 236-895 ± 250 kg; PO 30 seconds, 586 ± 252-1,090 ± 677 kg; and BP 2 minutes, 1,530 ± 414-1,940 ± 296; PO 2 minutes, 1,212 ± 406-2,348 ± 194, p ≤ 0.05). Swim performances of the 30-second group improved for both the 50-yd (32.0 ± 6.9 seconds, 30.0 ± 5.9 seconds, p ≤ 0.05) and 200-yd swims 200.0 ± 54 seconds, 182 ± 45.1 seconds (p ≤ 0.05), whereas 2-minute training improved only the 200-yd swim (198.3 ± 32.3 seconds, 186.2 ± 32.2 seconds). No changes in swim performance were observed for the control group. Triceps muscle succinate dehydrogenase activities increased (pre 3.48 ± 1.1 μmol · g(-1) wet weight per minute, post 6.25 ± 1.5 μmoles · g(-1) wet weight per minute, p ≤ 0.05) in only the 30-second training group, whereas phosphofructokinase activities and fiber type distribution did not change in either training group. This study has demonstrated that a 30-second 20-repetition weight training program, specific to the swimming musculature without concurrent swim training, improves swimming performances at both 50- and 200-yd distances.

The investigation of the effect of strength training on 200 m freestyle swimming in swimmers

“…These findings are in agreement with the findings of the present research. Belfry et al (2016), who conducted a study with 16 male participants of age average 23±4, reported that 6-week classical weight training done 3 days a week in addition to swimmers' strength trainings, affected their performance positively. They reported significant changes in participants' 50 and 200-metre times (p<0,05), which is in agreement with the findings of the present research.…”

Strength Abilities in Sports Swimming a Systematic Review

“…Strength preparation, is of particular importance during short-distance competitions, in relation to technical preparation (Wilkei and Madsen, 1986;Swaine, 2000;Stager and Coyle, 2005;Morouço et al, 2011a). However, strength has also been identified as one of the main factors that can increase swimming speed, not only in sprinting competitions (Toussaint, 2007;Lubkowska et al, 2017), but also in middle distances (Hawley and Williams, 1991;Belfry et al, 2016). Different types of strength are reported to determine success at different distances.…”

Η Επίδραση Της Προπόνησης Με Έλξη Αντίστασης Στα Κινηματικά Χαρακτηριστικά Της Χεριάς Κατά Το Ελεύθερο Στυλ Κολύμβησης

“…Υπάρχει πλειάδα βιβλιογραφικών αναφορών που επιβεβαιώνουν ότι οι κολυμβητές πραγματοποιώντας προγράμματα μυϊκής ενδυνάμωσης με αντιστάσεις (ελεύθερα βάρη), κατάφεραν να βελτιώσουν την κολυμβητική τους απόδοση και πιο συγκεκριμένα την ταχύτητα. (Sharp,Troup & Costill, 1982;Aspenes, Kjendlie, Hoff, Helgerud, 2009;Belfry, Noble &Taylor 2016;Dingley, Pyne, Youngson, Burkett 2015;Girold, Bernard, Carette, Kenman, Dugue, 2012;Morouco, Marinho, Amaro, Perez-Turpin, Marques, 2012). Στις παραπάνω έρευνες παρατηρήθηκε ότι οι παραδοσιακές μέθοδοι αντίστασης συμβάλουν σημαντικά στην βελτίωση της κολυμβητικής ταχύτητας, τόσο στις μικρές (Morouco et al, 2012), όσο και στις μεσαίες (Aspenes et al, 2009) αποστάσεις.…”

“…Επιδρά θετικά τόσο στις μικρές αποστάσεις (Tanaka et al, 1993;Garrido et al, 2010;Junior et al, 2016), όσο και στις μεσαίες (Belfry et al, 2016;Aspenes et al, 2009).  Έχει θετική επίδραση στους κολυμβητές, όταν εστιάζεται τόσο στα άνω και κάτω άκρα (Tanaka et al, 1993;Belfry et al, 2016), όσο και στον κορμό.…”

“…Οι μετρήσεις της κολυμβητικής απόδοσης πραγματοποιήθηκαν στις 50 και 200 γιάρδες ελεύθερο. Σύγκριση διαφορετικών πρωτοκόλλων(Belfry et al, 2016).Μια έρευνα η οποία συγκλίνει με τις απόψεις των Belfry και συν. (2016) είναι η έρευνα τωνAmaro και συν.…”