Objective. To assessment the role of preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and postoperative lymph node density in predicting prognosis in patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. Material and Methods. Preoperatively, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts as well as neutrophil-lymphocyte ratios were recorded in 201 patients who underwent radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. Patients with an infection were excluded. Based on the pathology reports, the number of positive lymph nodes was divided by the total number of lymph nodes to calculate lymph node density. Results. The mean follow-up duration was 37.22 ± 35.922 months in patients without lymph node involvement and 27.75 ± 31.501 months in those with lymph node involvement (P = 0.015). Median lymph node density was 17% (4–80) in patients with lymph node involvement. There was no difference according to lymph node density lower than 17% and greater than 17% (P = 0.336). There was no significant difference between patients with an NLR below or above 2.5 in terms of overall survival (P = 0.702). Pathological T stage was associated with survival (P = 0.004). Conclusion. In patients undergoing RC for bladder cancer, lymph node density and preoperative NLR were not found to be independent predictors of prognosis.

Aim: To determine the impact of rectus fascial sling suspension at the time of radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) on postoperative continence status. Patients and Methods: A total of 86 patients underwent RRP for clinically localized prostate cancer. Out of 86 patients, a rectus fascial sling procedure was incorporated into RRP in 40 randomly selected patients (group 1). The remaining 46 patients underwent standard RRP without any suspension operation (group 2). Results: The incontinence rates were 17.5 and 43.5% for groups 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.010). Incontinence degrees for each group were statistically significant (p = 0.03). The mean time to achieve full continence was 1.4 ± 2.2 (0–11) and 3.8 ± 3.8 (0–12) months for groups 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.026). Conclusion: Our results showed that incorporation of an anterior rectus fascial sling into RRP is a reasonable and efficient way of achieving improved rates of postoperative continence.

Introduction:The aim of this study is to determine the effects of aerobic and stretching exercises on quality of life and depression levels of breast cancer patients. Methods: A total of 48 women (mean age 45.0±2.2 years) who were previously diagnosed with breast cancer and completed their treatment with no metastasis, were included in the study. Of these, 24 women who received the exercise program were assigned as the study group, while the remaining 24 women who did not receive the exercise program were assigned as the control group. The study group received a 12-week aerobic exercise program at the fitness club and home-based resistance exercise program designed by a sport scientist at the doctoral level. The control group was encouraged to maintain their normal level of physical activity and exercise habits throughout the study. The WHOQOL-BREF, EORTC-QLQ-C30 quality of life assessments and Beck depression inventory (BDI) were used to evaluate quality of life and the severity of depression before and after 12-week exercise programs. Results: EORTC QLQ-C30 scoring showed that in the study group aerobic exercise positively impacted quality of life on the functional scales (physical p=0.001, role p=0.039, emotional p=0.031, social functioning p=0.010) and symptoms (fatigue p=0.001, pain p=0.001, sleep disturbance p=0.038 and financial impact p=0.015). WHOQOL-BREF assessment areas, (general p=0.001, physical p=0.02, mental p=0.001 and social health p=0.017) relationships also improved as a result of exercise. BDI showed that severity of depression in the study group decreased significantly (p=0.001). Conclusion: This study showed that aerobic and resistance exercises improved quality of life and decreased depression levels of women who previously received breast cancer treatments.

Xanthogranulomatous orchitis is an extremely rare inflammatory change of testis which is difficult to distinguish from testicular tumor. We report on a 21-year-old man who presented with left testicular swelling and pyogenic discharge from the scrotum. Testicular tumor markers were normal. Scrotal ultrasonography showed a testicular tumor in the left testis. Because of severe adhesion between the scrotum and intrascrotal structures, radical orchiectomy combined with hemiscrotectomy was performed to exclude possible malignancy. Histopathological findings showed xanthogranulomatous orchitis.

The aim of this study is to investigate 8 weeks Thera-Band trainings' effects on male swimmers' 100 m freestyle swimming performance.The study group is created by 20 (n = 20) licenced male athletes that had trained at least 3 days in a week and have been active in swimming sport at least 3 years in Gebze Genclerbirligi Swimming Club 20 (n = 20). Athletes were divided into experiment group (n = 10) and control group (n = 10) randomly. Training programme was applied to the study group for 55-60 minutes for 3 days on alternate days and times when the club does not have swimming training. 12 different Thera-Band trainings were applied for 40-45 mins and each set was 15 minutes.Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze differences between groups and Wilcoxon signed rank test was applied for analyzing the differences of intra-groups. SPSS 21.0 Statistics package software was used for statistical analyzes. The results show that there are no significantly differences between experimental group's and control group's post test results. (p>0.05). Statistically significant differences are found as a result of intra-group comparison of the experimental group's pre-test and post-test results (p<0.05).Depending on the results obtained after reviewing the literature, it can be concluded that Thera-Band training is effective on the performance improvement of swimmers aged 13-15 years.

BackgroundSildenafil is a selective PDE5 inhibitor that increases cGMP levels in the target tissues and is an effective treatment agent for erectile dysfunction. The nitric oxide-cGMP pathway might be implicated in regulation of certain CNS functions, including locomotor activity and anxiety.Material/MethodsThe aim of the current study was to investigate effects of sildenafil (3 and 10 mg/kg) on anxiety and locomotor activity in open field and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests in young and aged mice.ResultsSildenafil (3 and 10 mg/kg) significantly decreased the percent of time spent in the open arms compared to the control group in young animals in the EPM test, but only the 10 mg/kg dose significantly decreased the percentage of total number of entries to the open arms in young animals. Sildenafil (3 and 10 mg/kg) significantly decreased the percentage of total number of entries to the open arms in aged animals in the EPM test, but it significantly increased total distance moved and speed of the animals in the locomotor activity test in young animals. The total distance moved and the speed of the animals significantly decreased in aged animals compared to the young control group, although sildenafil (3 and 10 mg/kg) did not alter these parameters in aged mice.ConclusionsOur results show that sildenafil had anxiogenic effects in young as well as aged mice, but it enhanced locomotor activity only in the young mice in the EPM test. Thus, sildenafil seems to exert different effects on anxiety and locomotion in young and aged animals.

Post-prostatectomy stress incontinence (PPI) is an important health problem for patients with radical prostatectomy history. Duloxetine is a common drug, used in PPI with the out of indications in most countries. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prophylactic effect of duloxetine administration in PPI during the early postoperative period in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP). The retrospective study included 209 patients who underwent LRP. Patients were divided into two groups: Group I (n=96) was initiated on pelvic floor exercises (PFE) + duloxetine in the early postoperative period and continued this regimen for a total of 12 weeks and Group II (n=113) only performed PFE for 12 weeks after surgery. Exclusion criteria were as follows: a history of neuromuscular dysfunction of bladder, post-prostatectomy urge incontinence, receiving adjuvant radiotherapy during the 12- week period, prior anti-incontinence surgery, and post-voiding urine>100 ml. The prevalence rates of urinary incontinence measured at the time of urinary catheter removal (baseline) and at weeks 3, 6, and 12 after surgery and the number of wet pads per day were compared. The study included 209 patients with a mean age of 60.68 ± 7.16 years. Baseline urinary continence rates were similar in Group I and Group II (29.2% vs. 35.4%, p=0.338). At 12 weeks, although PPI rates have decreased in both groups, there was no difference between Group I and Group II (15.6% vs. 24.8%, p=0.103). Administration of prophylactic duloxetine in the early postoperative period, which started without regard to the positivity of PPI, is not significantly effective to early postoperative urinary continence recovery.

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