Introduction:The aim of this study is to determine the effects of aerobic and stretching exercises on quality of life and depression levels of breast cancer patients. Methods: A total of 48 women (mean age 45.0±2.2 years) who were previously diagnosed with breast cancer and completed their treatment with no metastasis, were included in the study. Of these, 24 women who received the exercise program were assigned as the study group, while the remaining 24 women who did not receive the exercise program were assigned as the control group. The study group received a 12-week aerobic exercise program at the fitness club and home-based resistance exercise program designed by a sport scientist at the doctoral level. The control group was encouraged to maintain their normal level of physical activity and exercise habits throughout the study. The WHOQOL-BREF, EORTC-QLQ-C30 quality of life assessments and Beck depression inventory (BDI) were used to evaluate quality of life and the severity of depression before and after 12-week exercise programs. Results: EORTC QLQ-C30 scoring showed that in the study group aerobic exercise positively impacted quality of life on the functional scales (physical p=0.001, role p=0.039, emotional p=0.031, social functioning p=0.010) and symptoms (fatigue p=0.001, pain p=0.001, sleep disturbance p=0.038 and financial impact p=0.015). WHOQOL-BREF assessment areas, (general p=0.001, physical p=0.02, mental p=0.001 and social health p=0.017) relationships also improved as a result of exercise. BDI showed that severity of depression in the study group decreased significantly (p=0.001). Conclusion: This study showed that aerobic and resistance exercises improved quality of life and decreased depression levels of women who previously received breast cancer treatments.

Objective The aim of this study was to perform the static and dynamic biomechanical assessment of postural structure and analyze variations of foot pressure in elite golfers. Methods A total of 8 golfers ( 3 female , mean age 15.33 ± 0.57 years; mean height 167 ± 3.61 cm and mean weight 59.3 ± 11.71 kg; 5 male , mean age 17 ± 0.83 years; mean height 177.2 ± 8.61 cm; mean weight 72.8 ± 15.61 kg) from Turkish National Team were participated to this study. Digital Biometry Images Scanning (DBIS) system was used for BioPostural analyses. All participants were applied Modular Electronic Baropodometric test for foot pressure evaluation and Stabilometry for body balance evaluation. Results were analyzed by SPSS 16.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) program, using Wilcoxon test. Results In static evaluation, there were significant differences in forefoot and rearfoot surface (cm 2 ) (p < 0.05); forefoot and rearfoot load (%) (p < 0.05); forefoot and rearfoot weight ratio (%) (p < 0.05) and foot angle (p < 0.05). In dynamic evaluation, there were significant differences in right and left foot surface and load values (p < 0.05). The golfers dominant foot values were higher than non-dominant foot and also the balance parameters were found to be high (p < 0.05). The BPI Static mean value of the golfers were 7 points. The BPI Dynamic mean value of the golfers were 29 points. Also the golfers’ Stabilometric (Balance) Evaluation results were 20 points, whereas the norm values ranged from 0 to 10. Conclusion Our results suggest that static and dynamic postural structure parameters are very important for performances and injuries of the golfers. It is believed that these differences were due to the weight transfer applied especially in the swing motion at the moment of impact. Level of Evidence Level IV, Diagnostic Study.

The aim of the study was to compare the body mass index (BMI) and body compositions of elite and non-elite play-ers by gender in korfball, a mixed-gender team sport. Material and Methods: Thirty-nine athletes aged 17-30, 20 national athletes play-ing in international tournaments, and 19 playing only in national tour-naments voluntarily participated in the study. Body compositions of the participants were evaluated by using a Bluetooth-based device, BiodyXpert Bioimpedance. Fat%, fat weight, lean body weight (LBW), bone mineral content, total water, and basal metabolic rate were evaluated. Results: The BMI, %fat, LBW of the elite female and male players respectively is (21.00±2.73kg/m 2 , 22.17±4.93, 47±4.31); (22.88±3.23 kg/m 2 , %14.88±5.51, 64.13±6.2kg). The BMI, %fat, LBW of the non-elite female and male players respectively is (20.33±2.90 kg/m 2 , %21.58±5.00, 44.5±4.1kg); (21±3.00 kg/m 2 , %13.86±5.55, 62.71±1.16 kg). Height, weight, %fat, muscle mass and LBW values of elite athletes were found to be significantly higher than those of non-elite athletes (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in BMI and height values between the two groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: BMI and fat% of elite and non-elite female and male korfball players are within normal limits. LBW is higher in elite athletes than in non-elite athletes. As in other sports, fat % and fat weight are higher in female athletes than men, and LBW is higher in men. This difference is thought to be due to the physiological difference between men and women.

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı 18-59 yaş grubu kadınlarda B-Fit™ egzersizlerinin vücut kompozisyonuna etkisinin yaşa bağlı olarak incelenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya 18-59 yaşları arasında (yaş ortalaması: 29.4±9.7 yıl; boy ortalaması: 163.4±5.3 cm; vücut ağırlığı ortalaması: 71.9±14.4kg) bulunan B-Fit™ spor salonunda spor yapan 52 kadın gönüllü olarak katıldı. B-Fit™egzersizleri üç ay boyunca haftada altı gün, günde 30 dakika uygulandı. B-Fit™ egzersizleri dokuz istasyondan oluşturuldu ve üç set uygulandı. Setler 30 s B-Fit™ ekipmanı, 30 s aerobik egzersizler ve 1 dk dinlenme olmak üzere toplam 10 dk sürdü. Araştırmada vücut kompozisyonunun ölçümlerinde biyoelektrik empedans tartı aleti (Tanita BC-730), çevre ölçümlerinde mezura (0.1 cm) kullanıldı; yağ oranı, yağsız beden ağırlığı, yağ ağırlığı, vücut kütle indeksi (VKİ), bel kalça oranı hesaplandı. Beden kompozisyonu ölçümleri başlangıçta ve her ayın sonunda, dört kez alındı. Verilere IBM SPSS 24.0 programı, yaş grupları arası karşılaştırmalarda Kruskal Wallis testi, ikili karşılaştırmalarda ise Mann Whitney U testi uygulandı (p<0.05). Bulgular: Yaş gruplarına göre yapılan karşılaştırmalarda yağ oranı, yağ ağırlığı, VKİ, bel çevresi ve bel kalça oranında anlamlı farklılıklar saptandı (p<0.05). Beden çevre ölçümlerinden karın ve bel çevresinde 2. ve 3. aylarda yaşa göre anlamlı farklılıklar belirlendi (p<0.05). Yağsız beden ağırlığında yaşa göre anlamlı bir farka rastlanmadı (p<0.05). Sonuç: Çalışmada 20 yaş ve altı ile 40 yaş ve üzeri gruplar arasında egzersiz öncesinde yağ oranı ve yağ ağırlığında farklılaşma gözlendi. B-Fit™ egzersizleri sonucunda ise VKİ, bel çevresinde ve bel kalça oranında dört hafta sonra her yaş grubunda azalma olduğu gözlendi.

Background. Females' golf course lengths have been reduced due to their strength characteristics, leading to shorter shot distances than men. Although the golf game requires different physical conditions for females and males, the physiological demands of both genders are unknown. Objectives. This study aimed to investigate the physiological responses of female and male golfers during 18 holes golf games. Methods. Twentynine elite golf players (females:11, males:14) with 1-10 handicaps participated in the study (age: 17.76±2.05 years and handicaps: 5.4±2.9). The players' physiological responses were assessed using BioHarness 3 Zephry wireless supported heart rate monitor. Perceived exertion rates of the players were enrolled using Borg Scale. Results. Female golf players had significantly higher heart rate values and energy expenditures than male golf players during 18 holes golf games (P<0.05). Although playing golf produced higher physiologic demands in female players, there was no difference in perceived exertion rates (P>0.05). Conclusion. Although the golf game is facilitated by changing the course length for female golf players, it has been investigated that they encountered greater physiological demands than males. However, the perceived exertion rates of females were similar to those of males during the golf course play. This study provides a comprehensive insight into the physiological demands of female and male golf players during 18 holes golf games. It can be suggested that female players should not compete in the same category as male players, despite the game being simplified by changing the course length.

The purpose of this study was to evaluation of state and trait anxiety levels of students in Halic University, School of Physical Education and Sports, during final exams according to their age, department and year in school. For this research, 469 students (mean age 21,17 ±2,27) studying in 2014-2015-spring term were chosen randomly. As data collection tools, personal information form and Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory which consists of 40 questions; 20 to evaluate state anxiety and 20 for trait was used. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was evaluated by SPSS 20.0 Windows program with Frequency, T-Test and Anova Analysis. As a result of the research; state and trait anxiety of students in Halic University, School of Physical Education and Sports differed in few factors. The both levels were shown differences according to the year of the students studied (p<0.05). Based on years; first, second and third year students have higher state anxiety levels than fourth whereas for trait anxiety fourth year students have the highest level (P<0,05). In conclusion, students who were in graduate situation had more anxiety level than the others.

Objective: Although lower extremity plays an important role for postural control and to produce power during the golf swing, it has not been clearly examined. The aim of this study was to identify the left-right, and agonist-antagonist knee muscle strength profiles and its correlation with performance in proficient golfers. Materials and Methods: Eight male elite golfers, age 21.6±1.1 years, height 174.1±6.1 cm, and body mass 68.6±2.7 kg, with handicaps of 0-5 participated in the study. Knee flexor and extensor peak torques of the golfers were measured by using isokinetic dynamometer (at 60°/s, 120°/s and 240°/s). The number of golf shots on an 18-hole golf course was recorded to determine golf performance. Results: In golf players, knee strength difference between right and left extremities were 0.53%, 5.77% and 5.35% for flexor muscles and 5.71%, 3.60% and 7.91% for extensor muscles at 60°/s, 120°/s and 180°/s, respectively. Right and left knee Fcon/Excon ratio was between 0.67-0.99. No correlation was found between golf performance and peak torques except for right knee flexor muscle at 120°/s angular velocity. Conclusions: Knee muscle strength variations between right-left and agonist-antagonist muscles were below the injury risk limits. Those negligible imbalances may be the result of functional differences of knee muscles during each part of the golf swing. It is important to add appropriate drills to the training programs so that these differences do not cause injury and poor performance in the long term.

Öz: Amaç: Araştırmanın amacı İstanbul'daki özel ve devlet üniversitelerinin spor bilimleri fakültesinde okuyan öğrencilerinin, toplam wellness ve wellness alt boyutlarını ölçmek, okul değişkenine göre wellness farklılıklarını belirlemektir. Genç nufusun yoğun olduğu Türkiye'de üniversite öğrencilerinin wellness ile ilgili farkındalıklarını arttırmak, sağlıklı yaşam bilincini kazandırmak ve konu ile ilgili literature katkı sağlamak çalışmanın önemini göstermektedir. Yöntem: Araştırmada kullanılan wellness ölçeği Corbin ve arkadaşları tarafından geliştirilmiş olup Türkçe uyarlaması Odabaş tarafından yapılmıştır. Ölçek dörtlü likert tipidir ve 5 alt boyutu (duygusal, fiziksel, zihinsel, sosyal, ruhsal wellness) vardır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde spss 21 programı ullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde; alt ölçek puanlarının cinsiyet ve özel-devlet üniversitesi yönünden karşılaştırılmasında independent t testi ve tanımlayıcı istatistikler kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırma evrenini istanbul'daki spor bilimleri fakiltesi öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Örneklem olarak bir devlet ve bir özel üniversite incelenmiştir. Araştırmaya yaş ortalamaları 22,5±2,47, vücut ağırlıkları 71,86±12,26, boyları, 177,19±8,54 (379 özel ünivesite, 176 devlet üniversitesi) olan toplam 555 öğrenci gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda toplam wellness ve wellness alt boyutlarında cinsiyet ve üniversite değişkenine göre istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı farklılığa rastlanmamıştır. Sonuç: İstanbul'da devlet ve özel üniversitelerin spor bilimleri fakültesinde okuyan öğrencilerin toplam wellness değerlerinin yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca bu öğrencilerin fiziksel wellness alt boyut puanlarının diğer alt boyutlardan daha yüksek olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu sonucun öğrencilerin fiziksel aktivite ağırlıklı eğitim almalarından kaynaklı olduğu düşünülebilir.