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Introduction:The aim of this study is to determine the effects of aerobic and stretching exercises on quality of life and depression levels of breast cancer patients. Methods: A total of 48 women (mean age 45.0±2.2 years) who were previously diagnosed with breast cancer and completed their treatment with no metastasis, were included in the study. Of these, 24 women who received the exercise program were assigned as the study group, while the remaining 24 women who did not receive the exercise program were assigned as the control group. The study group received a 12-week aerobic exercise program at the fitness club and home-based resistance exercise program designed by a sport scientist at the doctoral level. The control group was encouraged to maintain their normal level of physical activity and exercise habits throughout the study. The WHOQOL-BREF, EORTC-QLQ-C30 quality of life assessments and Beck depression inventory (BDI) were used to evaluate quality of life and the severity of depression before and after 12-week exercise programs. Results: EORTC QLQ-C30 scoring showed that in the study group aerobic exercise positively impacted quality of life on the functional scales (physical p=0.001, role p=0.039, emotional p=0.031, social functioning p=0.010) and symptoms (fatigue p=0.001, pain p=0.001, sleep disturbance p=0.038 and financial impact p=0.015). WHOQOL-BREF assessment areas, (general p=0.001, physical p=0.02, mental p=0.001 and social health p=0.017) relationships also improved as a result of exercise. BDI showed that severity of depression in the study group decreased significantly (p=0.001). Conclusion: This study showed that aerobic and resistance exercises improved quality of life and decreased depression levels of women who previously received breast cancer treatments.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of biomechanic factors to teach different hook punches in boxing. Eight light middleweight boxing athletes (mean age±SD 19.00±2.00 yrs, mean height±SD 173.88±3.89 cm, mean weight±SD 64.25±4.66 kg) participated in this study. Athletes performed a trial using three different hook punch techniques on a sandbag. The techniques were recorded using eight cameras using a frequency of 120 Hz. Qualisys Track Manager was used to analysis on motion. Mean acceleration of the sandbag, stride length, angles of the knee, shoulder, and elbow were calculated. The forces of impact were also calculated. Hook punch data were compared with Friedman test using SPSS 20.0. The results indicated a significant difference was found only in stride length. Stride length using a southpaw stance was shorter than the other stances (p<0.05). Athletes need more practice increasing stride length and use a repeating method in Mitt workout, models, sandbag trainings, self- monitoring and regional trainings.

The aim of this study was to observe if Physical Education and Sports students' attitudes towards Inclusive Education differ or not. The research was done according to the scanning/screening model. "Personal information form" (2004) -(reformed by Orel and his friends) and "Attitude Scale related to Inclusion" (1995)-(reformed by Antonak & Larivee and adapted into Turkish by Kırcaali & Iftar ) were used for Kocaeli University School of Physical Education and Sports /Physical Education and Sports Department's 1st grade and the 2nd grade students (121 students) who didn't take the Inclusive Education class and the 3rd and 4th grade students (193 students) who took the Inclusive Education class. In the statistical analysis of the research, frequency values of the data (which were obtained from personal information forms) were surveyed and while analysing the data (obtained from the attitude scale related to inclusion) arithmetic average, standard deviation and t test (for the difference between two groups ) were applied.In statistical analysis and in all parameters numerical difference was seen on the side of the students who took inclusive education class but no statistically significant difference was found . (P<0,05). As a result, it can be said that Inclusive Education class had a positive change on the attitudes of Physical Education teacher candidates towards inclusion.

Objective The aim of this study was to perform the static and dynamic biomechanical assessment of postural structure and analyze variations of foot pressure in elite golfers. Methods A total of 8 golfers ( 3 female , mean age 15.33 ± 0.57 years; mean height 167 ± 3.61 cm and mean weight 59.3 ± 11.71 kg; 5 male , mean age 17 ± 0.83 years; mean height 177.2 ± 8.61 cm; mean weight 72.8 ± 15.61 kg) from Turkish National Team were participated to this study. Digital Biometry Images Scanning (DBIS) system was used for BioPostural analyses. All participants were applied Modular Electronic Baropodometric test for foot pressure evaluation and Stabilometry for body balance evaluation. Results were analyzed by SPSS 16.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) program, using Wilcoxon test. Results In static evaluation, there were significant differences in forefoot and rearfoot surface (cm 2 ) (p < 0.05); forefoot and rearfoot load (%) (p < 0.05); forefoot and rearfoot weight ratio (%) (p < 0.05) and foot angle (p < 0.05). In dynamic evaluation, there were significant differences in right and left foot surface and load values (p < 0.05). The golfers dominant foot values were higher than non-dominant foot and also the balance parameters were found to be high (p < 0.05). The BPI Static mean value of the golfers were 7 points. The BPI Dynamic mean value of the golfers were 29 points. Also the golfers’ Stabilometric (Balance) Evaluation results were 20 points, whereas the norm values ranged from 0 to 10. Conclusion Our results suggest that static and dynamic postural structure parameters are very important for performances and injuries of the golfers. It is believed that these differences were due to the weight transfer applied especially in the swing motion at the moment of impact. Level of Evidence Level IV, Diagnostic Study.

The aim of the study was to examine the effect of proprioceptive and strength exercises applied in addition to dance exercises on the endurance of calf muscles, balance and ankle angles. Participants were randomly divided into two groups as Training Group (n=14; 7 males, 7 females) and Control Group (n=13; 7 males, 6 females). The training group performed a 12-week training programme that included proprioceptive and strength exercises twice a week, just before dance training. Anthropometric measures, static-dynamic balance tests, single heel rise test and 3D kinematic tests were conducted. When the groups were compared, significant changes were observed in the double leg dynamic balance values of the training group, right leg dynamic balance values of the control group, and left leg dynamic balance values of both groups (p<0.05). When ankle angles were compared, the first single heel rise and angle of movement of the last single heel rise values of the training group differed significantly (p<0.05). The balance performance and calf muscle endurance of the dancers can be improved with proprioceptive and strength training, which can contribute positively to movements during the dance.

Amaç: Yapılan çalışmadaki amaç farklı ülkelerin U/17-U/19 grubu sporcularının vücut kompozisyon ve somatotiplerinin karşılaştırılmasıdır. Çalışmada futbolcuların kütle, yaş, boy ve belirli antropometrik ölçümlerin Türk ve Kuzey Makedonyalı sporcular arasında olan farklılıkları araştırılmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmanın denek grubu 2020-21 sezonunda Darıca Gençlerbirliği kulübü U/17 (kütle 62.2±7.6 kg, yaş 16.5±0.5yıl, boy 174.3±3.7 cm) ve U/19 (kütle 72.5±4.9 kg, yaş 18.3±0.4yıl, boy 179.2±5.4cm) grubundan olan 33 erkek ve Kuzey Makedonya Fk Shkendija kulübü U/17 grubu(kütle 70.5±8.4kg, yaş 16.4±0.5yıl, boy 175.6±6.3 cm) ile U/19 (kütle 72.3±6.2kg, yaş 17.9±0.9yıl, boy 175±6.3cm) grubundan olan 25 erkek sporcudan oluşmaktadır. Çalışmada, Deri kıvrım (suprailiac, triceps, subscapula, calf, thigh), Çap ölçümleri (femur bikondiler, humerus bikondiler), ve Çevre ölçümleri (calf, biceps) alınarak somatotip Heat Carter metoduyla belirlenmiştir. Vücut kompozisyonları parametrelerinden de LBM, BFW, BFWP, FFM, BF, FFMI, NFFMI hesaplanmıştır. Ülkelerin karşılaştırılmaları, SPSS 24 programında, Mann Whitney U testiyle yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Türk U/17 futbolcularının somatotip değerleri (3.1,3.2,3.9), U/19 (3.1,2.4,5.2), U/17 K. Makedonya (1.8,4,2.6), U19 (2,4.2,2.3) olarak bulunmuştur. Sonuç: U/17 ve U/19 yaş grubundaki Türk futbolcuların, Kuzey Makedonya futbolcularına kıyasla istatistiksel düzeyde daha yüksek endomorfik değerlerde olduğu belirlenmiştir (p

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of light reaction exercises on agility-quickness and reaction time of the U-20 Eootball Players. 20 male football players from the YeniMalatyaspor participated in this study voluntarily. T-test for agility-quickness, foot reaction test with Light-Trainer device for foot reaction speed were done before and after trainings. While the control group continued with the standard training, the exercise group performed the standard training exercises with Light-Trainer device for eight weeks. According to the results, the exercise group improved statistically (p<0.05). İt was observed that the exercises performed with Light-Trainer device had positive effects on agility-quickness and reaction speed over U-20 football players and improved their features. İt was thought that such education would be very useful in the cognitive training of young athletes.