EFEK ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK DAUN CENGKEH (Syzygium aromaticum) TERHADAP Escherichia coli DAN Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

Antibacterial Effect of Clove Leaf Extract (Syzygium aromaticum) against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are microorganisms that cause infection. Overcoming infection using antibiotics is known to generate bacteria that are resistant to some antibiotics, hence the need of other antibacterial resources. One of the natural sources that can be utilized is clove leaf (Syzygium aromaticum). This study aims to determine the types of compounds contained in clove leaves and their inhibitory activity against E. coli and S. aureus. The study began with extraction using maceration techniques, then the separation of the compounds through ethanol, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate fractionation. Next step was the identification of secondary metabolites of clove leaf compounds using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed the ethyl acetate fraction was the most active in inhibiting the growth of E. coli and S. aureus with a minimum inhibitory value (MIC) of 10%. The most dominant compound in the ethyl acetate fraction was found to be caffeine with a content of 23.36%. Keywords: antibacterial, clove leaves, GC-MS, MIC, Syzygium aromaticum ABSTRAK Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus adalah mikroorganisme penyebab infeksi. Penanggulangan infeksi menggunakan antibiotik telah memunculkan bakteri yang resisten terhadap beberapa antibiotik sehingga perlu mencari sumber antibakteri lain. Salah satu bahan alam yang dapat dimanfaatkan adalah daun cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui jenis senyawa yang terkandung dalam daun cengkeh dan aktivitas penghambatannya terhadap bakteri E. coli dan S. aureus. Penelitian diawali dengan ekstraksi menggunakan teknik maserasi, kemudian dilakukan pemisahan senyawa berdasarkan tingkat kepolaran melalui fraksinasi etanol, n-heksan, dan etil asetat. Hasil fraksinasi diujikan ke bakteri uji. Identifikasi senyawa metabolit sekunder daun cengkeh menggunakan Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fraksi etil asetat paling aktif menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri E. coli dan S. aureus dengan nilai kadar hambat minimum (KHM) 10%. Senyawa paling dominan pada fraksi etil asetat adalah kafein dengan kadar 23,36%.

Evaluation of the phytochemical content, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Cocos nucifera liquid smoke, Garcinia mangostana pericarp, Syzygium aromaticum leaf, and Phyllanthus niruri L. extracts

“…This result indicates that CLE had similar activity to 18 ppm chloramphenicol. The results of this study were lower for the ethanol fraction of CLE, with an inhibition zone of 16.07 mm against E. coli, but similar for the n-hexane fraction, with an inhibition zone of 13.61 mm, when compared with the results of Ramadhani et al [27]. CLE at a concentration of 10-100% produced an inhibition zone against E. coli of 6.3-15.8 mm [11].…”

“…Qualitatively, the CLE contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, triterpenoids, and phenolics [27]. The main phytochemical components in clove extract were eugenol (63%-85%), eugenyl acetate (15%), caryophyllene (13.97%), and phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl), acetate (12.72%), and β-caryophyllene (5.12%) [28,29].…”

Characterization and Phytochemical Screening of Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) Extract's Nanoparticles Used Ball Mill Method

“…In the manufacture of Dragendorff reagent, bismuth nitrate was dissolved in HCl so that no hydrolysis reaction occured because bismuth salts ere easily hydrolyzed to form bismuth ions (BiO+). Furthermore, the Bi3+ ion from bismuth nitrate reacted with potassium iodide to form a black precipitate of Bismuth(III) iodide which then dissolved in excess potassium iodide to form potassium tetraiodobismuthate 13 . In the alkaloid test with Dragendorff reagent, nitrogen was used to form a coordinate covalent bond with K+ which was a metal ion 14 .…”

Analisis Kadar Total Fenol Pada Minyak Dan Sari Buah Merah (Pandanus Conoideus)

“…Pengujian tanin melalui penambahan FeCl3 berinteraksi dengan salah dari satu gugus hidroksil pada tanin. Fungsi tanin menghidrolisis gugus tanin mengakibatkan berubah warna dari biru menjadi kehitaman, sementara tanin yang mengalami kondensasi menghasilkan warna kehijauan kehitaman (Ramadhani & Saadah, 2020).…”