Characterization and Phytochemical Screening of Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) Extract's Nanoparticles Used Ball Mill Method

Abstract

Alkaloid test: Conducted by the method of Mayer, Wagner and Dragendorff. A sample of 3 mL was added with 5 mL of 2 M HCl, stirred and cooled at room temperature. After that, 0.5 g of NaCl was added to the already cool sample then stirred and filtered. The filtrate obtained was added with drops of 2 M HCl, then separated into 4 parts (A, B, C, D). Filtrate A was used as blank, filtrate B was added to Mayer's reagent, filtrate C was to be added to Wagner reagent, while filtrate D was used for the confirmation test. Precipitate would be formed on the addition of Mayer and Wagner reagents, when identification indicates the presence of alkaloid. Confirmation test was carried out by adding 25% ammonia to filtrate D until PH changed to 8-9. Then chloroform was added, and evaporated in water bath. Then 2M HCl was added, stirred and filtered. The filtrate was divided into 3 parts. Filtrate A was used as blank, filtrate B was tested with Mayer's reagent, while filtrate C was tested with Dragendorff's reagent. The formation of a precipitate indicated the presence of alkaloid.Tannin test: 2 grams of sample was put into a mL boiling flask, then added 350 mL of distilled water and refluxed for 3 hours. The sample was cooled and transferred into 500 ml volumetric flask, then filtered and 2 ml of the filtrate was put into a 100 ml volumetric flask. 2 ml of Folin Denis reagent and 5 ml of saturated Na 2 CO 3 were added and allowed to stand for 40 minutes then the absorbance was measured at wavelength of 725 nm.

The activity of Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) extract on Salmonella pullorum infected broilers

“…Then, the generated filtrate was divided into three parts; filtrate A was used as a void, filtrate B was tested with Mayer’s reagent, while filtrate C was tested with Dragendorff’s reagent (Merck). Any precipitate formation indicated the presence of alkaloids [ 19 ].…”

“…Folin Denis reagent (Merck) in 2 mL and 5 mL saturated Na 2 CO 3 was added, then left for 40 min, and the absorbance was measured at a wavelength of 725 nm. Next, 100 g sodium tungstate (Merck), 20 g phosphomolybdic acid (Merck), and 50 mL 85% phosphoric acid (Merck, Indonesia) were mixed into 750 mL distilled water, then refluxed for 3 h, cooled, and added with distilled water to 1 L. Then, 3 g anhydrous Na 2 CO 3 (Merck) was combined with 100 mL distilled water at 70-80°C temperature, stirred until it dissolved, then cooled off again overnight [ 19 ].…”

“…The saponin test was performed by applying the Forth method [ 19 ] by inserting 2 mL Meniran extract into a test tube, then added with 10 mL distilled water, shaken for 30 s, and changes were observed. If a solid foam was formed and did not vanish within 30 s, it indicated the presence of saponins.…”

“…The filtrate was divided into two parts, A and B. Filtrate A was used as a void, filtrate B was added with acetic anhydride, stirred slowly, mixed with concentrated H 2 SO 4 (Merck) , and stirred again. Finally, the formation of a red to brown ring indicated the existence of saponins [ 19 ].…”

“…Meanwhile, filtrate C was added with 0.5 mL HCl and Mg metal, then the color change was observed (Wilstatter method). Flavone compounds formed the existence of red to orange colors, while flavanols or flavanones constructed the dark red colors, and aglycones or glycosides triggered the green to blue colors [ 19 ].…”