Aim: This study aimed to determine the use of probiotics Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus casei as alternative antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) to improve growth performance and business analysis. Materials and Methods: This study used a completely randomized factorial design. The first factor was the time of administration (1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks) and the second was the use of probiotics (control without probiotics; 0.1% AGP and 0.5% Bifidobacterium spp. + 0.25% L. casei). One hundred and eighty laying hens (Lohmann strain), of 30 weeks old, were divided into 12 treatment groups, composed of five replicates, each consisting of three laying hens. Results: The results showed that using 0.5% Bifidobacterium spp. + 0.25% L. casei in weeks 1 and 2 showed the lowest feed intake (FI) (112.11-112.19 g/day), the highest egg weight (60.28 g) in the 1st week, the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) (2.21-2.23), and highest feed efficiency (44.75-45.25%) for 3-4 weeks, and the highest hen-day production (86.66-86.90%) for 3-4 weeks and the most profitable business analysis (IDR. 30,353). Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be concluded that the addition of 0.5% Bifidobacterium spp. + 25% L. casei probiotics can be used as a substitute for AGP; it can reduce the FI and FCR, increasing egg weight, feed efficiency, and hen-day production, as well as illustrating the results of the most profitable business analysis.
Aim:This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Meniran extract (Phyllanthus niruri L.) administration on leukocyte profile of broiler chickens infected with Mycoplasma gallisepticum.Materials and Methods:Thirty broiler chickens, 21 days old were divided into five treatment groups. P0 (−): Chickens without any treatment; P0 (+), P1, P2, and P3: Chickens were infected with M. gallisepticum 108 cells/ml/animal orally, then given no treatment, Meniran extract 60%, 62.5%, and 65% orally at a dose of 1 ml/kg body weight, respectively. The treatment of Meniran extract was given for 7 days.Results:Leukocyte count with the lowest number showed in Group P0 (−) and Group P3 (p>0.05). Increased number of basophils was found in Group P0 (+), Group P1, and Group P2. The highest number of heterophils was found in Group P0 (+) and was significantly different from Group P0 to P3 (p<0.05). The same pattern was also seen in the number of lymphocytes in all treatment groups. The number of monocytes showed no significant difference between all treatment groups (p>0.05).Discussion:Increased the number of leukocytes is often observed in inflammation due to general infections, trauma, or toxicity. Shifting in the number of heterophile or lymphocytes, an increase in the number of monocytes, basophils, and eosinophils may also be associated with various infectious or inflammatory conditions. Heterophils play a role as an antibacterial defense through several effective mechanisms. When infections and inflammation occur, the heterophils will increase to phagocytosis microbe.Conclusion:It can be concluded that Meniran extract (P. niruri L.) at a dose of 65% can decrease the total number of leukocytes in broilers infected with M. gallisepticum.
Alkaloid test: Conducted by the method of Mayer, Wagner and Dragendorff. A sample of 3 mL was added with 5 mL of 2 M HCl, stirred and cooled at room temperature. After that, 0.5 g of NaCl was added to the already cool sample then stirred and filtered. The filtrate obtained was added with drops of 2 M HCl, then separated into 4 parts (A, B, C, D). Filtrate A was used as blank, filtrate B was added to Mayer's reagent, filtrate C was to be added to Wagner reagent, while filtrate D was used for the confirmation test. Precipitate would be formed on the addition of Mayer and Wagner reagents, when identification indicates the presence of alkaloid. Confirmation test was carried out by adding 25% ammonia to filtrate D until PH changed to 8-9. Then chloroform was added, and evaporated in water bath. Then 2M HCl was added, stirred and filtered. The filtrate was divided into 3 parts. Filtrate A was used as blank, filtrate B was tested with Mayer's reagent, while filtrate C was tested with Dragendorff's reagent. The formation of a precipitate indicated the presence of alkaloid.Tannin test: 2 grams of sample was put into a mL boiling flask, then added 350 mL of distilled water and refluxed for 3 hours. The sample was cooled and transferred into 500 ml volumetric flask, then filtered and 2 ml of the filtrate was put into a 100 ml volumetric flask. 2 ml of Folin Denis reagent and 5 ml of saturated Na 2 CO 3 were added and allowed to stand for 40 minutes then the absorbance was measured at wavelength of 725 nm.
Aim:The purpose of this study was to know the production performance and economic analysis in quail which use probiotic supplementation to alternate antibiotic growth promoter (AGP) to feed consumption, water consumption, egg production, egg mass, feed conversion, and feed efficiency.Materials and Methods:About 240 quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) at 14 weeks of age were completely randomized into four treatments, each treatment consisted of six replications and each replication consisted by 10 heads. The treatment was T0 (organic feed without AGP and without probiotic), T1 (organic feed + 0.001% AGP), T2 (organic feed + 0.005% probiotic in feed), and T3 (organic feed + 0.005% probiotic in drinking water). The probiotic consist of 1.2×105 CFU/g of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus rhamnosus.Results:The results showed that the probiotic supplementation both in feed and water give a significant impact to feed consumption, water intake, feed conversion, feed efficiency, and quail day production, but no statistical difference of egg mass. The T3 also show the most profitable business analysis, which has the best result in income, profit, break-even point, return cost ratio, benefit-cost ratio, and return on investment.Conclusion:It can be concluded that giving 0.005% probiotic in drinking water to get the best egg production and profit.
The purpose of this study was to determine the use of probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium sp on feed consumption and Hen Day Production (HDP), layer was infected with Escherichia coli. About 120 layers at 25 weeks of age were randomized into six treatments. The treatment consisted of factors a (infection and non-infection Escherichia coli) and factor b (basal feed, AGP and probiotics). The results of the study gave probiotics an effect (p <0.05) on feed consumption, HDP and egg weight. Infection factors have an effect (p <0.05) on HDP but have no effect (p> 0.05) on feed consumption and egg weight. There was interactions between probiotic and infection factors (p <0.05) on HDP and egg weight but there was no interaction (p> 0.05) between probiotic and infection factors on feed consumption. The highest feed consumption was found in the treatment of infectious probiotics is 114.7g, the highest HDP was treated with non-infectious probiotics is 98.6%, the highest egg weight was treated with non-infectious probiotics is 60.5 g. It could be concluded that the administration of probiotics can produce good production performance and high profits.
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