Efeito da disponibilidade hídrica do substrato, DA QUALIDADE FISIOLÓGICA E do teor de água inicial das sementes de soja no PROCESSO de germinação

Abstract

Com o objetivo de estudar o efeito da disponibilidade hídrica do substrato, da qualidade fisiológica e do teor de água inicial das sementes de soja no processo de germinação, utilizaram-se sementes de um lote de soja [Glycine max (L.) Merrill], do cultivar IAC-15, que foram submetidas ao envelhecimento artificial, a 41oC, durante 0, 36 e 42 horas, obtendo-se três diferentes níveis de vigor designados de lotes 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente. As sementes de cada lote, foram submetidas ao umedecimento artificial, a 20oC e 100% de umidade relativa do ar, visando a obtenção de três diferentes teores de água (90, 110 e 130 g de água/kg). Para cada lote, as sementes com 90, 110 e 130 g de água/kg foram colocadas para germinar sob os potenciais hídricos de -0,04; -0,10; -0,20 e -0,40 MPa, nos substratos papel Germitest e terra. O umedecimento do papel foi realizado com as soluções de polietilenoglicol (PEG 6000) e o da terra foi baseado na curva de retenção de água no solo, através da adição de volumes de água correspondentes aos potenciais hídricos desejados. Em terra, determinaram-se a porcentagem de emergência de plântulas e o índice de velocidade de emergência de plântulas. Em papel, avaliaram-se a porcentagem de sementes que emitiram raiz primária aos 3 dias da instalação e as porcentagens de plântulas anormais e germinação total aos 7 dias da instalação. A análise dos dados e a interpretação dos resultados permitiram as seguintes conclusões: existe relação entre o teor de água inicial das sementes de soja e a qualidade fisiológica na emissão da raiz primária e na germinação; os potenciais hídricos do substrato de -0,20 e -0,40 MPa causam redução da emissão da raiz primária e da porcentagem de germinação de sementes de soja; a emergência de plântulas é reduzida em potencial hídrico de -0,40 MPa.<br>With the main purpose of studying the relations among water availability, moisture content, and seed physiological quality on the germination process, seeds from three soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] lots of the cv. IAC-15 with different levels of physiological quality, were used. Moistening of the seeds was accomplished to reach three moisture levels: 90, 110 and 130g of water.kg-1 fresh weight. The seeds of each lot, with 90, 110 e 130g of water.kg-1 were placed under different water potentials to germinate in soil and paper towel substrates. Moistening of paper towels was done with polyethylene glycol solutions, with water potencials of -0.04, -0.10, -0.20 e -0.40 MPa. Soil moistening was based on a water retention curve, adding a corresponding volume of water to reach the same water potencials as above. Speed and percentage of seedling emergence from soil were evaluated; radicel protrusion at three days after instalation, abnormal seedling and germination percentages at the seven days after seeding were determined from the paper towel sustrate. The data analysis and the results led to the following conclusions: There is a relationship between physiological quality and moisture level of seeds during the germination; the ...

Spray volumes in the industrial treatment on the physiological quality of soybean seeds with different levels of vigor

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Establishment of a semi-selective method for the detection of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in dry bean and soybean seeds

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Germination of melon seeds under water and thermal stress

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