A study of antifungal drug sensitivity of Candida isolated from human immunodeficiency virus infected patients in Chennai, South India

Abstract

Background:The purpose of this study was to study the drug sensitivity pattern of Candida seen in HIV seropositive patients in Chennai, South India.Materials and Methods:36 oral rinse samples were collected from HIV seropositive individuals with (21 patients) and without (15 patients) clinical candidiasis. The type of Candidiasis, quantitative estimation, differentiation of candida species and antifungal susceptibility testing was done using different tests.Results:In the 21 patients with candidiasis, pseudomembranous type predominated with low CD4 counts and high colony forming units. Antifungal Drug sensitivity test revealed resistance to fluconazole which is attributed to long term exposure to the drug.Conclusion:The results of the study confirm the hypothesis that candidal species can be isolated in HIV positive patients with clinical candidiasis. In HIV infection there are fluconazole resistant candida species emerging mainly due to long term exposure to the drug.

Asymptomatic oral yeast carriage and antifungal susceptibility profile of HIV-infected patients in Kunming, Yunnan Province of China

“…The reported oral yeast carriage rate of HIV-infected patients varied in different populations across world, mainly due to the different approaches for yeast sampling and geographic and/or ethnic differences [25]. The colonization rate (49.5%) in Han Chinese patients infected with HIV from Kunming was similar to that of Brazilian [11,19], but lower than that of South Indian [9,26] and higher than that of Han Chinese in Beijing, China [27]. Most of previous studies showed a higher prevalence of asymptomatic oral yeast carriage in HIV-infected patients than in healthy group [6,7,17] and this pattern was also confirmed in the current study.…”

“…Antifungal testing of oral yeast isolates are crucial for the selection of antifungal agents and the prediction of clinical response in patients with HIV/AIDS [20,26]. In this study, we tested the antifungal activities of four widely used drugs in Kunming on yeast isolates.…”

Comparison of the in vitro Effect of Chemical and Herbal Mouthwashes on Candida albicans

“…Candida albicans is considered as part of the normal flora of the mouth, which doesn’t cause disease but under unfavorable local conditions, such as poor oral hygiene ( 1 ), wearing of denture ( 2 ) and general predisposing factors such as high carbohydrate diet, smoking ( 3 ), diabetes ( 4 ) malnutrition, leukemia, chemotherapy, genetic disorders ( 5 ), long term antibiotic therapy ( 6 ), corticosteroid therapy ( 7 ), senility ( 8 ), radiotherapy ( 9 ) and cancer ( 10 )can cause candidiasis. Using mouthwashes is a common way to controlling the C. albicans population in the mouth, which are used widely in dentistry ( 11 , 12 ).…”

Diversity and antifungal resistance patterns of prevalent opportunistic pathogenic yeasts colonizing the oral cavities of asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals, and their relation to CD4 + counts

“…There are reports on emerging FL, a common antifungal used in therapy, resistant strains of C. albicans both in HIV seropositive[20] and seronegative persons. [21] Hence, an in vitro antifungal susceptibility test of Candida species was performed to determine their resistance patterns, and highlight an emerging trend if any, for future reference.…”