Diversity and antifungal resistance patterns of prevalent opportunistic pathogenic yeasts colonizing the oral cavities of asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals, and their relation to CD4 <sup>+</sup> counts

Kumar, Devender; Muralidhar, Sumathi; Banerjee, Uma; Basir, Seemi Farhat; Mathur, Purva; Khan, Luqman Ahmad

doi:10.4103/0253-7184.156724

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 13 publications

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“…from oral candidiasis lesions. 17 As many as 21 (80.8%) HIV/AIDS patients in this study had treated therapy, while 5 (19.2%) patients had not yet received but were planned to receive antiretroviral therapy (ARV). ARV has been reported to decrease the incidence of opportunistic infections successfully.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Sensibility Test of Candida species against Nystatin, Ketoconazole, and Fluconazole on Oral Candidiasis with HIV/AIDS using Disc Diffusion Method

Maharani

Rahmadewi

Hidayati

et al. 2020

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Background: Oral candidiasis is one of the most common infections in Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients. Some studies have reported an increased number of resistances of Candida sp. against several antifungal therapies. Purpose: To evaluate the pattern of Candida sp. causing oral candidiasis and the pattern of resistance among the Candida sp. against nystatin, ketoconazole, and fluconazole in oral candidiasis patients with HIV/AIDS infection. Methods: This was a descriptive observational study conducted at the Infectious Disease Intermediate Care Unit (UPIPI) Dr. Soetomo General Academic Teaching Hospital. Candida sp. was identified using conventional methods, while the sensibility test was done by using disc diffusion methods. Result: There were 26 subjects with 50 isolates of Candida sp. that had been cultured successfully. Non-albicans Candida sp. was the most common species, which was observed in 28 subjects (56%). The results of the sensibility test on Candida sp. against nystatin, ketoconazole, and fluconazole were 0 (0%), 3(6%), dan 23(46%) respectively. Conclusion: The increased resistance among Candida sp. against antifungal drugs, especially fluconazole, could raise awareness in drug prescription, especially for HIV/AIDS patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Sensibility Test of Candida species against Nystatin, Ketoconazole, and Fluconazole on Oral Candidiasis with HIV/AIDS using Disc Diffusion Method

Maharani

Rahmadewi

Hidayati

et al. 2020

BIKK

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A systematic review on distribution and antifungal resistance pattern of Candida species in the Indian population

et al. 2021

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The emergence of antifungal drug resistance in Candida species has led to increased morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Understanding species distribution and antifungal drug resistance patterns is an essential step for novel drug development. A systematic review was performed addressing this challenge in India with keywords inclusive of ‘Candida’, ‘Antifungal Drug Resistance’, ‘Candidemia’, ‘Candidiasis’ and ‘India’. A total of 106 studies (January 1978-March 2020) from 20 Indian states were included. Of over 11,429 isolates, Candida albicans was the major species accounting for 37.95% of total isolates followed by C. tropicalis (29.40%), C. glabrata (11.68%) and C. parapsilosis (8.36%). Rates of antifungal resistance were highest in non-albicans Candida (NAC) species - C. haemuloni (47.16%), C. krusei (28.99%), C. lipolytica (28.89%) and C. glabrata (20.69%). Approximately 10.34% isolates of C. albicans were observed to be drug-resistant. Candida species were frequently resistant to certain azoles (ketoconazole-22.2%, miconazole–22.1% and fluconazole–21.8%). In conclusion, the present systematic review illustrates the overall distribution and antifungal resistance pattern of Candida species among the Indian population that could be helpful in the future for the formation of treatment recommendations for the region but also elsewhere.

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In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Tea Tree Oil (TTO) 5% Compared with Nystatin against Candida sp. as Important Agent of Oral Candidiasis in HIV/AIDS Patients

Lydiawati

Listiawan

Murtiastutik

et al. 2020

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Background: Oral candidiasis is the most common clinical manifestation in a person infected with HIV which has been linked with the severity of the disease. Candida albicans responsible for most oral candidiasis. The increased resistance to the available antifungal drugs can reduce the efficacy of therapy. Therefore, it will be crucial to discover novel antifungal agents. One of them is tea tree oil (TTO) or Melaleuca alternifolia which has a potent antifungal effect to inhibit the growth of Candida sp. Purpose: To evaluate the antifungal susceptibility of TTO 5% compared with nystatin against Candida sp. taken from HIV/AIDS patients. Methods: The study assessed the antifungal effect of TTO 5% and nystatin against 33 isolates of Candida sp. that was isolated from the oral cavity of 30 HIV/AIDS patients in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Teaching Hospital Surabaya, Indonesia. Antifungal susceptibility was evaluated by the disc diffusion method. The diameter of the inhibition zone was determined as the result of this study. Result: The most strains found in this study was Candida albicans (84.8%). The mean inhibition zone of nystatin against all strains was 23.24 mm whether it was 17.55 mm for TTO 5%. The inhibition zone of both TTO 5% and nystatin in Candida non-albicans were tended to be higher than in Candida albicans. It revealed that the inhibition zone of TTO 5% significantly lower than nystatin (P = 0.00; P < 0.05).Conclusion: Therefore, the antifungal susceptibility of nystatin was significantly higher than TTO 5% against Candida albicans and non-albicans.

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Diversity and antifungal resistance patterns of prevalent opportunistic pathogenic yeasts colonizing the oral cavities of asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals, and their relation to CD4 ⁺ counts

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

Sensibility Test of Candida species against Nystatin, Ketoconazole, and Fluconazole on Oral Candidiasis with HIV/AIDS using Disc Diffusion Method

Sensibility Test of Candida species against Nystatin, Ketoconazole, and Fluconazole on Oral Candidiasis with HIV/AIDS using Disc Diffusion Method

A systematic review on distribution and antifungal resistance pattern of Candida species in the Indian population

In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Tea Tree Oil (TTO) 5% Compared with Nystatin against Candida sp. as Important Agent of Oral Candidiasis in HIV/AIDS Patients

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Diversity and antifungal resistance patterns of prevalent opportunistic pathogenic yeasts colonizing the oral cavities of asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals, and their relation to CD4 + counts

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

Sensibility Test of Candida species against Nystatin, Ketoconazole, and Fluconazole on Oral Candidiasis with HIV/AIDS using Disc Diffusion Method

Sensibility Test of Candida species against Nystatin, Ketoconazole, and Fluconazole on Oral Candidiasis with HIV/AIDS using Disc Diffusion Method

A systematic review on distribution and antifungal resistance pattern of Candida species in the Indian population

In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Tea Tree Oil (TTO) 5% Compared with Nystatin against Candida sp. as Important Agent of Oral Candidiasis in HIV/AIDS Patients

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Diversity and antifungal resistance patterns of prevalent opportunistic pathogenic yeasts colonizing the oral cavities of asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals, and their relation to CD4 ⁺ counts