A 45nm SOI monolithic photonics chip-to-chip link with bit-statistics-based resonant microring thermal tuning

Waveguide-coupled detector in zero-change complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor

“…The generated photocurrent is sufficient for driving the on-chip electrical receiver 23 which has a peakto-peak sensitivity of 6 lA at 5 Gb/s. 22 In conclusion, we have fabricated and characterized a waveguide-coupled photodetector compatible with unchanged CMOS processes. The photodiode has a 3 dB bandwidth of 32 GHz at À1 V bias.…”

“…This approach would have multiple advantages: first, the current scheme of detecting wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) signals (based on a silicon ring acting like a filter and a separate photodiode) would be simplified by the elimination of the drop port. 22 Second, the effective optical path length would be dramatically increased without sacrificing space. Third, the use of whispering gallery modes would no longer require the use of poly-silicon, therefore eliminating the parasitic loss dominated by the latter.…”

“…The problem of locking the resonator to the correct wavelength with an on-chip feedback loop has, moreover, been recently addressed. 22 The bandwidth of the device was measured by contacting the GS electrodes with a 50 lm pitch GS probe of Cascade Microtech (model Infinity I67-A-GS-50). The reference plane was set at the V-connector of the probe, so that the probe is considered part of the photodiode.…”

High-speed polysilicon CMOS photodetector for telecom and datacom

“…This device combined with the monolithic receiver circuits, optical transmitters, efficient thermo-optic tunable elements with wavelength stabilization circuits that are already demonstrated in the same process 11 can enable single-chip transceiver solutions at the cost and scale of consumer electronics.…”

“…10 The unique advantage of monolithic integration with electronics has enabled low-power transmitters (30 fJ/bit) and receivers (374 fJ/bit), and wavelength locking of the resonant filters and modulators. 11 The combination of these devices and sub-systems enabled the first microprocessor to memory optical interconnect with 1.3 pJ/bit on-chip energy consumption. 3 The main hurdle towards the extension of this device platform to the datacom and telecom spaces has been the lack of a highspeed detector at wavelength standards for these applications (i.e., from 1300 to 1550 nm).…”