Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos: limites e potencialidades de políticas de segurança alimentar para a agricultura familiar

Abstract

RESUMO:O Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA) foi criado no governo Lula (2003) como parte do Fome Zero. Esse programa tem como objetivo assegurar o acesso aos alimentos por pessoas que vivem em situação de insegurança alimentar e/ou nutricional e fortalecer a agricultura familiar, por meio de compras governamentais de alimentos. Considerando a importância do PAA como uma política diferenciada que nos detivemos na análise, tanto da sua implementação em escala nacional, como da sua operacionalização num contexto específico, tendo como recorte espacial o Município de Dracena, localizado na porção oeste do estado de São Paulo. Constatou-se que, tanto em escala nacional como municipal, o programa apresentou crescimento do número de projetos aprovados, produtores participantes, entidades beneficiadas e valores dos recursos. Entretanto, mesmo com essa expansão, a abrangência do PAA ainda é muito limitada e, ao mesmo tempo, concentrada em termos espaciais. Palavras-chave: Políticas. Segurança alimentar. Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos. Agricultura familiar. ABSTRACT: The Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos was created by the Lula administration (2003) as part of "FomeZero" (Zero Hungry). This program aims to ensure access to food for people living in food and/or nutritional insecure situation and strengthen family agriculture, by food that is pushased by the government. Considering the importance of this program as a differentiated policy that we abode in the analysis far of its implementation on national scale, as its operationalization in a specific context, with the spatial cutout of the municipality "Dracena", located on São Paulo state western portion. It was found that, either in national and municipal levels, the program presented a growth on the number of approved projects, participating producers, benefited institutions and resource values. However, even with such expansion, the scope of this program is still quite limited and at the same time, too concentrated in spatial terms.

Percepção de agricultores familiares do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA) sobre o significado de fazer parte do PAA e a sua compreensão sobre conceitos relacionados à alimentação, nutrição e saúde

“…Studies with family farmers inserted in the PAA in two municipalities of the southern region of Brazil reported that farmers increased their production areas and the diversification of their food to market with the PAA, since they felt the amounts paid by it were fair (Vogo; Souza, 2009;Santos, 2010). In the study by Hespanhol (2013), marketing with the PAA is an important alternative to increase the monthly monetary income of households. We also verified that there was productive diversification and stimulation in marketing with PAA, and that 60% of farmers have expanded their crop area and diversified their production, with the cultivation of new products for the PAA, and 40% did not expand and have not declared intention to do this, because its cultivation area was small, 15% by not having economic conditions, 15%, the remainder, and 10% for fear of discontinuity of the program (Hespanhol, 2013 Most farmers and their families (77.6%) consume the foods produced to deliver the PAA-BA, justifying the consumption due to quality.…”

“…In the study by Hespanhol (2013), marketing with the PAA is an important alternative to increase the monthly monetary income of households. We also verified that there was productive diversification and stimulation in marketing with PAA, and that 60% of farmers have expanded their crop area and diversified their production, with the cultivation of new products for the PAA, and 40% did not expand and have not declared intention to do this, because its cultivation area was small, 15% by not having economic conditions, 15%, the remainder, and 10% for fear of discontinuity of the program (Hespanhol, 2013 Most farmers and their families (77.6%) consume the foods produced to deliver the PAA-BA, justifying the consumption due to quality. Thus, family farming is related both to food safety and economy, and this, in turn, is linked to the subsistence of the family in Table 1.…”

“…In 2010, from the total of 101,519 inhabitants, 96.2% resided in urban areas, while the remaining in the rural area (IBGE, 2010).…”

Public policy on the family farming sector in Brazil: Towards a model of sustainable agriculture

“…Hespanhol (2013) points out that government purchasing programmes, such as the PAA, not only support the production of food by family farms, but also contribute to the strengthening of social assistance networks on local or even regional scales, as well as promoting local culture and values, supporting cooperatives, and contributing to the selfesteem of producers. The establishment of new marketing mechanisms can also contribute to the improvement of the conditions of social reproduction for the family farmers.…”

“…It would also be important to reinforce the access of producers to alternative sales channels, in order to reduce their dependence on the institutional market. Hespanhol (2013) found that, while there was a nationwide increase in the volume of resources made available, and the numbers of both producers and persons receiving the produce, between 2003 and 2011, the scope of the PAA is still limited at the macro-regional and state levels. In addition to these limitations, the programme suffers from a lack of articulation among the different mechanisms, such as access to rural credit (PRONAF) and technical assistance.…”