Efeito da aplicação de água residuária de suinocultura no solo e na qualidade dos seus lixiviados

Abstract

Este trabalho avalia o comportamento da água residuária de suinocultura, quanto aos seus efeitos no solo e na qualidade dos seus lixiviados. Na incubação do solo com efluente, foram utilizadas 48 unidades experimentais no total com taxas de aplicação de 0, 50, 100 e 150 m³.ha-1. O pH do solo e lixiviados após asdiferentes taxas de aplicação permaneceu ácido e os valores de amônia nos argissolos apresentaram valores menores do que no solo testemunha enquanto que nos nitossolos houve aumento em função das taxas de aplicação. A capacidade de troca catiônica aumentou com maior intensidade nos argissolos. A relação carbono/nitrogênio foi baixa evidenciando uma mineralização rápida dos resíduos orgânicos. Os valores de nitrato no primeiro lixiviado e de fósforo nos nitossolos foram maiores do que nos argissolos, em função da taxa de aplicação.

Percolate Quality in Soil Cultivated With Application of Wastewater From Swine Slaughterhouse and Dairy Products

“…The lowest concentrations of NO3 -, represented by the lower dashed line of box-plots, presented results below 3.0 mg L -1 , being lower than the 14.6 mg L -1 found by Santos et al (2014) after application of 137.1 kg ha -1 of nitrogen, derived from swine wastewater, in soils columns; and from 12.6 mg L -1 obtained by Bolzani et al (2012) after dosing of 67.2 kg ha -1 of nitrogen applied through swine wastewater (SSW). Esterhuizen et al (2012) evaluated groundwater from 75 dairy farms in Mangaung, South Africa, and found that 49.3% of the wells had NO3 -concentrations higher than 10 mg L -1 , which, according to the authors, are consequences of poor management practices in the disposal of wastewater in the soils of the region.…”

“…The variations observed between the first and third quartiles show that the percolated pH did not undergo major alterations, a result that corroborates with those obtained by Maggi et al (2011) who obtained fluctuations between 7.0 and 7.3 pH in percolates after maximum application of 300 m 3 ha -1 of swine wastewater (SSW) and Trevisan et al (2013) who studied the quality of the percolate with the application of swine wastewater (SSW) do not finding differences in the percolated pH between the doses of 150 and 600 kg ha -1 of nitrogen. However, Bolzani et al (2012) evaluated the percolated in Argisol fertirrigated with SSW, they observed an increase of the percolated pH in function of the application rates, mainly after application of 150 m³ ha -1 .…”

“…For Bolzani et al (2012), the soils treated with organic compounds, such as those present in wastewater, have mineralization of organic matter highly dependent on their composition, such as the relation C / N, besides the physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics that exist in the effluents, that in a way, corroborate to the increase of the microbial activity in the soil, reflecting, therefore, the concentrations of COD in the percolated.…”

“…In studies with wastewater from the processing of tomato in soil columns, Chahal et al (2011) observed concentrations of 1.5 mg L -1 of total phosphorus after application of 170 m 3 ha -1 of effluent with 30 days of monitoring, while Bolzani et al (2012) found 0.34 mg L -1 of total phosphorus after applying 50 m 3 ha -1 of swine wastewater.…”

“…Thebaldi et al (2011) observed contamination of rivers with bovine slaughterhouse wastewater; while Bolzani et al (2012) and Pinto et al (2013) in soils and groundwater, respectively, by wastewater from swine breeding farm.…”