Relações Amorosas, Comportamento Sexual e Vulnerabilidade de Adolescentes Afrodescendentes e Brancos em Relação ao HIV/aids

Abstract

ResumoEste estudo teve como objetivo investigar a vulnerabilidade de adolescentes brancos e afrodescendentes em relação ao HIV/aids. Para isso, investigaram-se as características socioeconômicas dos participantes e seus relacionamentos amorosos e sexuais, comportamentos de risco e prevenção, conhecimento sobre HIV/aids e atitudes frente ao uso de preservativo. O estudo foi realizado em regiões periféricas das cidades de Florianópolis, Itajaí e Balneário Camboriú e consistiu em duas etapas. A primeira foi qualitativa, na qual se utilizou entrevistas não diretivas com 36 estudantes de Ensino Médio, divididos igualitariamente por sexo e raça/cor. A segunda consistiu em um levantamento de dados com 715 adolescentes sobre relações afetivas e sexuais, condutas de risco e de proteção, conhecimento sobre HIV/aids e atitudes frente ao uso de preservativo. Observou-se que o ní-vel sociocultural desfavorável associou-se aos afrodescendentes, enquanto o nível médio associou-se aos brancos. O conhecimento sobre aids e as atitudes frente ao uso do preservativo correlacionaram-se significativamente. Os afrodescendentes iniciam-se sexualmente mais cedo e têm mais relações amorosas esporádicas ("ficar"), porém os adolescentes brancos mantêm mais relações sexuais. Além disso, os adolescentes brancos usam menos preservativo em contexto de múltiplos parceiros e em relacionamento de namoro do que os afrodescendentes. Os resultados mostraram que, de forma geral, a maioria dos adolescentes estão vulneráveis ao HIV/aids, em

Romantic Relationships, Adolescence and HIV: Love as an Element of Vulnerability

“…The lower perception of risk among those who were dating may be explained by the trust, as this appeared in studies with other populations, associated with feelings of invulnerability (Albuquerque et al 2010;Oltramari & Camargo, 2010). It was also observed that the adolescents underestimate their own risk in comparison with their peers, indicating that AIDS is seen as a disease of the other, a possibility projected in the exterior world, as found in other studies (Anderson et al, 2007;Camargo et al, 2010;Mwale, 2008).…”

“…The age was limited to a minimum of 15 years old, given that initiation of sexual activities occurs predominantly around this age range (Anjos, Silva, Val, Rincon, & Nichiata, 2012;Camargo et al, 2010). The majority were female (57.8%), students in the first year of senior high school (48.2%), and had a family income of up to three minimum salaries (57.2%).…”

“…Various studies have shown that risk in relation to HIV is perceived as a context which is distanced from the individuals (Adefuye, Abiona, Balogun, & Lukobo-Durrell, 2009;Albuquerque, Moço, & Batista, 2010;Camargo, Giacomozzi, Wachelke, & Aguiar, 2010;Giacomozzi & Camargo, 2011;Silva & Vargens, 2009;Sychareun, Thomsen, Chaleunvong, & Faxelid, 2013). Referring directly to the young, studies indicate that they tend to underestimate their risks of infection by HIV and to overestimate the risks of their peers (Anderson, Beutel, & Maughan-Brown, 2007;Mwale, 2008).…”

“…Various studies have also found a relationship between the length of the relationship and protective behaviors in relation to HIV, showing that the use of condoms reduces over the course of the relationship (Arraes et al, 2013;Bralock & Koniak-Griffin, 2009;Garcia & Souza, 2010;Oltramari & Camargo, 2010) and is significantly more frequent in casual relationships than in stable ones (Giacomozzi & Camargo, 2011;Camargo et al, 2010;Garcia & Souza, 2010;Oliveira, Pontes, Gomes, & Ribeiro, 2009). The adoption or not of protective conducts in relation to HIV is linked to the evaluation which the person makes in relation to their own exposure to the virus, which also has to do with the perception of the extent to which the partner represents a risk for the occurrence of contagion.…”

Perception of health professionals about the prevention of the AIDS epidemic in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (1986-2006)

“…[7][8] Our society seeks to label the standards of ideal human behavior, not only with respect to sexual ori-entation, where everyone should be heterosexual; but also on the way of practicing such option, particularly valuing stable and lasting relationships. 9 In the perspective of this study and according to the perceptions of the health professionals about prevention of HIV/AIDS at the beginning of its rise, the need to disseminate actions of health education among the population was felt. However, the exceptionality of the epidemic was being gradually attenuated to the point that these actions were being neglected by the government, militants, even by health workers, who besides assisting and caring, had a commitment and a responsibility to educate and prevent.…”