A scoping review of prevalence, incidence and risk factors for HIV infection amongst young people in Brazil

Abstract

BackgroundDespite young people being a key population for HIV prevention, the HIV epidemic amongst young Brazilians is perceived to be growing. We therefore reviewed all published literature on HIV prevalence and risk factors for HIV infection amongst 10-25 year olds in Brazil.MethodsWe searched Embase, LILACS, Proquest, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science for studies published up to March 2017 and analyzed reference lists of relevant studies. We included published studies from any time in the HIV epidemic which provided estimates specific to ages 10-25 (or some subset of this age range) for Brazilians on either: (a) HIV prevalence or incidence; or (b) the association between HIV and socio-demographic or behavioral risk factors.ResultsForty eight publications met the inclusion criteria: 44 cross-sectional, two case-control, two cohort. Four studies analysed national data. Forty seven studies provided HIV prevalence estimates, largely for six population subgroups: Counselling and Testing Center attendees; blood donors; pregnant women; institutional individuals; men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) and female sex workers (FSW); four provided HIV incidence estimates. Twelve studies showed HIV status to be associated with a wide range of risk factors, including age, sexual and reproductive history, infection history, substance use, geography, marital status, mental health and socioeconomic status.ConclusionsFew published studies have examined HIV amongst young people in Brazil, and those published have been largely cross-sectional and focused on traditional risk groups and the south of the country. Despite these limitations, the literature shows raised HIV prevalence amongst MSM and FSW, as well as amongst those using drugs. Time trends are harder to identify, although rates appear to be falling for pregnant women, possibly reversing an earlier de-masculinization of the epidemic. Improved surveillance of HIV incidence, prevalence and risk factors is a key component of efforts to eliminate HIV in Brazil.

Perfil Epidemiológico Do Hiv Em Um Pequeno Município Potiguar / Brasil, Entre 2015 E 2018

“…O sexo predominante na infecção pelo HIv é o masculino com 13 casos contra o feminino com 9. Esses dados estão em consonância com achados nacionais de 2017, em que aproximadamente 559 mil homens estavam infectados pelo HIv, já as mulheres eram 307 mil 4,7 .…”

“…No Brasil, os primeiros casos de HIV/AIDS surgiram na década de 1980, em que houve implantação de políticas públicas na prevenção dessa infecção e de retrovirais que ocasionaram mudanças no perfil epidemiológico. Desde dessa época, vários estudos estão sendo realizados por profissionais da saúde para aperfeiçoamento na prevenção, diagnóstico, tratamento, adoecimento e morte por pessoas infectadas pelo vírus [3][4][5] .…”

Cervical and oral human papillomavirus infection in women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and matched HIV-negative controls in Brazil

“…Currently, the HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic impacts the poorest and the youngest in low-resource settings [11]. HIV+ young women are key populations at high risk for developing HPV-related cancers, particularly in low-and middle-income countries such as Brazil [12,13]. With the recent approval of the 9-valent HPV vaccine, the risks of persistent HPV infection and HPV-related cervical precancerous lesions and malignancies are expected to decrease significantly [14].…”

Cervical and oropharyngeal human papillomavirus infection in women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and matched HIV-negative controls in Brazil

“…Currently, the HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic impacts the poorest and the youngest in low-resource settings [11]. HIV+ young women are key populations at high risk for developing HPV-related cancers, particularly in low-and middleincome countries, such as Brazil [12,13]. With the recent approval of the 9-valent HPV vaccine, the risk of persistent HPV infection and HPV-related precancerous and malignancies is expected to significantly decrease [14].…”