As (im)possibilidades de brincar para o escolar com câncer em tratamento ambulatorial

Abstract

Objectives: To identify the mediators of play in the lives of children with cancer in outpatient treatment, and review the opportunities of using them, considering the limitations imposed by the disease and the treatment. Methods: Qualitative research, according to the creative and sensitive method implemented; it was focused on group dynamics "Playing on stage." Twelve (12) children participated, who were being treated for cancer in an outpatient service at a hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Results: Two themes emerged: mediators of the possibilities of play (instruments and signs), and mediators of the possibilities of play in social interaction (people and environment). In situations of impossibilities and restrictions, the children found alternatives to overcome the obstacles and to continue playing, within their abilities. Conclusion: The professionals who care for these children must seek knowledge about the needs the children have (as human beings in development), identifying situations that may determine the possibilities of playing and, along with the child and family, transforming them into other possibilities. Keywords: Games and toys; Child health; Pediatric nursing; Oncology RESUMO Objetivos: Identificar os mediadores do brincar na vida da criança com câncer em tratamento ambulatorial e analisar as (im)possibilidades de utilizá-los diante das limitações impostos pelo adoecimento e tratamento. Métodos: A pesquisa qualitativa implementada segundo o método criativo e sensível teve como eixo a dinâmica grupal "O brincar em cena". Participaram 12 escolares em tratamento ambulatorial para câncer, em um hospital no Rio de Janeiro. Resultados: Emergiram dois temas: mediadores das (im)possibilidades do brincar -instrumentos e signos e mediadores das (im)possibilidades do brincar na interação social -pessoas e ambiente. Nas situações de impossibilidades e restrições, os escolares superaram obstáculos e reinventaram alternativas para continuarem brincando dentro de suas possibilidades. Conclusão: Os profissionais que atendem essas crianças devem buscar conhecimentos acerca das necessidades que elas tem enquanto seres em desenvolvimento, identificando situações que podem determinar (im)possibilidades de brincar e, junto com a criança e família, transformá-las em outras possibilidades. Descritores: Jogos e brinquedos; Saúde da criança; Enfermagem pediátrica; Oncologia RESUMENObjetivos: Identificar los mediadores del jugar en la vida del niño con cáncer en tratamiento en ambulatorio y analizar las (im)posibilidades de utilizarlos delante de las limitaciones impuestas por la enfermedad y tratamiento. Métodos: Es una investigación cualitativa, implementada según el método creativo y sensible; tuvo como eje la dinámica grupal "El jugar en escena". Participaron 12 escolares en tratamiento de cáncer en ambulatorio, en un hospital en Rio de Janeiro. Resultados: Emergieron dos temas: mediadores de las (im)posibilidades del jugar (instrumentos y signos) y mediadores de las (im)posibilidades del jugar en la interacción...

The Play Therapy and Child Hospitalized in Perspective of Parents

“…Estudiosos ressaltam que o brincar é uma necessidade, tanto da criança saudável quanto em processo de adoecimento. 8 Por meio dele a criança cria, recria, socializa-se, aprende e se desenvolve, fazendo com que essa necessidade não deixe de existir quando a criança adoece.…”

Reactions of family members of children diagnosed with cancer: a descriptive study

“…The following steps were taken according to the analytical method: floating reading through an exhaustive contact with the material; exploitation of the material, in which after the reading of the raw information, the testimonies were grouped to the pre-established thematic units that provided answers to the aims and the hypothesis raised in this research; and finally, the treatment and interpretation of the results found. (6) According to Resolution 466/2012 of the Brazilian National Health Council, which defines the directives and regulatory standards of researches involving human beings, this research project was previously submitted and approved by the Committee of Ethics in Research of the hospital in which it was performed (Protocol #276/11).…”

“…Therefore, the nurses have a fundamental role in the caring for these subjects, as they work in direct assistance to both, generating an improvement in quality of life. (6,7) It is known that cancer also generates adverse effects due to the chemotherapeutic elements of the treatment, but it also affects the psychosocial side, provoking sadness, anger, depression, and other states. Therefore, to minimize these effects, it is necessary that there is support from a multiprofessional team that helps the child and his family, transforming the treatment to a less impactful approach, improving the quality of life of the subjects involved.…”

Mothers/companions of children with cancer: apprehension of the hospital culture

“…4 Additionally, families' daily lives change when dealing with a child's illness and that situation is worsened by mothers' distress and unpreparedness. 5 The hospitalization process requires an interaction among people in the same physical and temporal space, enabling the construction of cultural standards derived from the fact that human beings are incomplete, and become complete throughout time through the interactions they establish. 6 The recommendation for hospitalization, usually in oncology pediatric intensive care units (PICU), are a consequence of cancer treatment itself since it usually requires surgeries, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, which may lead to clinical problems produced by the treatment's side effects.…”