Efeitos de variáveis psicológicas, morfológicas e sociodemográficas sobre o comportamento alimentar de adolescentes

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the association of body dissatisfaction (BD), degree of psychological commitment to exercise (DPCE), usual level of physical activity (LPA), body mass index (BMI), fat percentage (%F) and ethnicity with inappropriate eating behavior (IEB) in adolescents.Methods: Cross sectional study with 362 adolescents aged between ten and 19 years old, of both genders, selected by stratified sampling. The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) was used to assess the IEB. In addition, Body Shape Questionnaire, Commitment Exercise Scale and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire were applied in order to assess BD, DPCE and LPA, respectively. Statistical treatment included multivariate analysis and multiple regression.Results: BD, DPCE, BMI and %F were significantly associated with EAT-26 subscales scores for both genders. The statistical values were different between genders.Conclusions: body dessatisfaction and BMI seemed to be strongly associated with the different constructs of eating behavior in both sexes. Key Leonardo de Sousa Fortes et al RESUMENObjetivo: Averiguar la asociación de la insatisfacción corporal (IC), del grado de comprometimiento psicológico al ejercicio (GCPE), del nivel habitual de actividad física (NAF), del índice de masa corporal (IMC), del porcentaje de grasa y de la etnia con el comportamiento alimentar inadecuado (CAI) de adolescentes.Métodos: Investigación transversal, en la que participaron 362 jóvenes de ambos sexos, con edades entre 10 y 19 años, seleccionados por muestra estratificada. Se utilizó el Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) para evaluar los CAI. Además, se utilizó el Body Shape Questionnaire, la Commitment Exercise Scale y el International Physical Activity Questionnaire para evaluar IC, GCPE y NAF, respectivamente. Se condujo análisis multivariado y regresión múltiple para analizar los datos.Resultados: Los resultados evidenciaron que la IC, el GCPE, el IMC y el porcentaje de grasa se asociaron significativamente (p<0,05) con los escores de las subescalas del EAT-26, tanto en el sexo femenino como en el masculino. Los valores indicativos de estas asociaciones fueron distintos entre los sexos.Conclusiones: El IC y el IMC parecen ser los factores más fuertemente asociados a los distintos constructos del comportamiento alimentar de ambos sexos.

Eating disorder symptoms: association with perfectionism traits in male adolescents

“…Thus, the sample size calculation was performed using the following criteria, following the recommendations of Alves et al 22 : a 30% prevalence for eating disorder symptoms, aligned with the findings of Fortes et al 7 , 95% confidence, 5% sampling error and 1.2 for the purpose of design, totaling 321 students who should be evaluated for the sample, which was representative of the population.…”

“…The body mass index (BMI) was obtained using the calculation BMI = body mass (kg)/height (m²). Because some studies have demonstrated the influence of BMI on eating disorder symptoms 6,7 , it was decided to control for the BMI in the statistical analyses.…”

“…Evidence indicates that approximately 30% of adolescents have eating disorder symptoms [4][5][6] . More specifically, approximately 20% of adolescent males are affected by these symptoms 7,8 . Although studies are scarce, it is usually considered that the male population is at low risk for the onset of eating disorders 2,7 .…”

“…However, many teenagers have deviated from this standard physical development due to a sedentary lifestyle and poor food consumption 7 . Considering that adolescence is critical to the process of personality development 11 and that young people routinely feel charged by sociocultural agents (parents, friends and media) to have a muscular build 8 , they may have an increased risk for developing high traits of perfectionism.…”

“…Moreover, it is worth noting that much of this research was performed exclusively with women 15,18 . Thus, little attention has been given to males in studies of eating disorder symptoms 7,8,20,21 . Given the above arguments, the aim of this study was to analyze a possible association between eating disorder symptoms and traits of perfectionism in adolescent males.…”