A insatisfação corporal (IC) é considerada sintoma de primeira ordem no desencadeamento dos transtornos alimentares (TAs). O ambiente atlético tem fatores peculiares que parecem potencializar o risco do surgimento de TAs nos atletas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar a IC e o comportamento alimentar inadequado (CAI) entre atletas adolescentes de diversas modalidades esportivas e diferentes níveis competitivos, utilizando o índice de massa corporal (IMC), o percentual de gordura e a idade como covariáveis. A amostra do estudo foi constituída por 580 atletas de diversas modalidades, de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 10 e 19 anos. Utilizou-se o BSQ e o EAT-26 para mensurar a IC e o CAI, respectivamente. Peso e estatura foram aferidos para calcular-se o IMC. A gordura relativa foi estimada aferindo-se as dobras cutâneas triciptal e subescapular. Foi conduzida análise univariada de covariância (ANCOVA) para comparar IC e CAI entre níveis competitivos e modalidades esportivas, segundo sexo. Em relação aos resultados, dois aspectos merecem destaque. O primeiro é que identificou-se diferença de IC entre basquetebolistas e handebolistas do sexo masculino (p < 0,05). Já o segundo ponto a ser destacado, é a diferença encontrada de CAI entre voleibolistas e atletas de nado sincronizado do sexo feminino (p < 0,05). Os resultados do presente estudo permitem concluir que o padrão alimentar de esportistas adolescentes, praticantes de modalidades com características distintas, foi semelhante, havendo diferenças em poucas modalidades esportivas.
The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of mental fatigue on passing decision-making in professional soccer athletes. A controlled and counterbalanced cross-over design was adopted consisting of three visits with a 1-week interval between sessions. Twenty professional soccer male athletes participated in three randomized conditions divided into three visits: control, 15-min Stroop task, and 30-min Stroop task. Inhibitory control was accessed by the Stroop task (accuracy and response time) before and after induced mental fatigue protocol. The athletes played a training match (90-min) following the experimental conditions. The Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI) was used for the passing decisionmaking analysis. The GPAI analysis showed impaired passing decision-making performance following the 30-min Stroop task compared with the 15-min and control condition (F (2,17) = 6.99, p = .01). Moreover, an increase in response time during the Stroop task was found following 30-min Stroop task condition (F (2,17) = 6.57, p = .03) compared to 15-min of Stroop task and control conditions. Prolonged cognitive tasks may be considered a mediating factor in passing decisionmaking performance in male professional soccer athletes throughout a full-length training match. Thus, athletes should avoid highly demanding-cognitive tasks before a soccer match. Future studies are required to explore more ecological cognitive tasks to induce mental fatigue (i.e. smartphones and video-games) and their effects on other performance indicators (e.g. physical, technical, tactical) in a full-length training match setting.
OBJECTIVETo analyze Brazilian literature on body image and the theoretical and
methodological advances that have been made.METHODSA detailed review was undertaken of the Brazilian literature on body image,
selecting published articles, dissertations and theses from the SciELO,
SCOPUS, LILACS and PubMed databases and the CAPES thesis database. Google
Scholar was also used. There was no start date for the search, which used
the following search terms: “body image” AND “Brazil” AND “scale(s)”; “body
image” AND “Brazil” AND “questionnaire(s)”; “body image” AND “Brazil” AND
“instrument(s)”; “body image” limited to Brazil and “body image”.RESULTSThe majority of measures available were intended to be used in college
students, with half of them evaluating satisfaction/dissatisfaction with the
body. Females and adolescents of both sexes were the most studied
population. There has been a significant increase in the number of available
instruments. Nevertheless, numerous published studies have used
non-validated instruments, with much confusion in the use of the appropriate
terms (e.g., perception, dissatisfaction, distortion).CONCLUSIONSMuch more is needed to understand body image within the Brazilian population,
especially in terms of evaluating different age groups and diversifying the
components/dimensions assessed. However, interest in this theme is
increasing, and important steps have been taken in a short space of
time.
This study compared the different factors associated with eating behaviors among young female and male athletes and non-athletes. A total of 580 female and male athletes and 362 female and male non-athletes between 10 and 19 years old participated. We used the subscales of the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) to evaluate the factors associated with unhealthy eating behaviors. We found higher scores for females on the diet subscale compared with males, regardless of athletic group (P < 0.05). Non-athlete youths scored higher on this subscale compared with male athletes (P < 0.05). Our findings indicate higher scores for female athletes with regard to the bulimia and preoccupation with food subscale compared with other the groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, we observed that non-athlete males were more likely to engage in binge eating compared with athletes of the same sex (P < 0.05). Finally, females had higher scores on the oral self subscale than males, regardless of athletic group (P < 0.05). We concluded that the factors associated with eating behaviors differ with regard to sex and group.
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