Produtividade do trabalho e mudança estrutural nas indústrias brasileiras extrativa e de transformação, 1970-2001

Abstract

Work productivity and structural change in Brazilian mining and manufacturing industries. Using an indicator of labor productivity, this paper aims to assess the contribution of structural changes in the Brazilian manufacturing and mining industries to productivity growth, during the 1970-2001 period. The conclusion is that: (i) there is no evidence to sustain that the Brazilian industry has definitely reversed the productivity growth rates slowdown trend; (ii) there is no clear evidence of a positive influence of the structural bonus; and (iii) job creation seems to be concentrated in low productivity growth sectors.Key-words: productivity; manufacturing and mining industries; structural change JEL: O12; O14; L60 INTRODUÇÃOO objetivo deste trabalho é mensurar a contribuição da mudança estrutural para o incremento da produtividade da indústria extrativa e de transformação no Brasil (doravante denominada puramente de indústria), no período de 1970 a 2001. A partir de indicadores setoriais da produtividade do trabalho, o artigo usa uma análise shift-share para avaliar a relação entre crescimento da produtividade e processos de transformação estrutural em distintas fases do desenvolvimento brasileiro que o período abrange.

Crescimento Da Produtividade No Setor De Serviços E Da Indústria No Brasil: Dinâmica E Heterogeneidade

“…A análise emprega decomposições do crescimento da produtividade agregada, que permitem lançar luz sobre a relação entre estrutura e dinâmica, como destacam Ribeiro (2005) e Rocha (2007). As decomposições tentam isolar a contribuição da estrutura produtiva (distribuição relativa do emprego ou produto nos setores) para o crescimento da produtividade agregada.…”

“…Isso pode ser visto pelo número de estudos como os de Bonelli & Fonseca (1998), Rocha (2007), Gomes et al (2003), Rocha (1999), Barbosa Filho et al (2010 entre outros. Estudar o padrão de evolução da produtividade se justifica pela necessidade de entender e acompanhar a competitividade de um país seja para manter um espaço no cenário internacional ou sustentar o crescimento econômico.…”

Economic growth, labor and productivity in Brazil and the United States: a comparative analysis

“…Such findings meet those of Ferreira et al (2011), who similarly found divergent trend in American and Brazilian total factor productivity since early 1980s. Other authors (Cruz et al, 2007;Rocha, 2007) also mention the employment trend towards low-technology and low-productivity segments of the industry in the 1980s and 1990s, which may have persisted in the industry and service activities over the 2000s. These results may also sustain the evaluation of Ocampo (2003), who, based on the sharp reduction of manufacturing activities in developing countries, argues that these countries had not achieved an equivalent stage of development and competitiveness of the richest nations and had blocked up the same trajectory of development made by all industrialized countries until then.…”

“…Silva and Ferreira (2011) suggest that this trend would be especially due to the decreasing productivity of the service sector. It is also worth highlighting that from the 1970s to the 1990s, although industry had a slight productivity growth, the employment grew faster in low-technology-based segments of the transformation industry (Cruz, Nakabashi, Porcile & Scatolin, 2007), as well in those segments of extractive and transformation industry that usually present low productivity growth (Rocha, 2007).…”

“…Moreover, have these changes induced substantial reduction in the differences between Brazil and developed countries? In order to discuss these questions, we provide new elements to better understand the relation between economic growth and labor market dynamics in Brazil (complementing previous studies, for example, Ferreira et al, 2011;Cruz et al, 2007;Rocha, 2007), analyzing qualitative and quantitative aspects of the dynamics of growth in this country and how longlasting it would be.…”