This paper evaluates low-carbon urban development strategies for the transport sector in São Paulo, one of the largest cities in the world. For each mobility policy selected, we build scenarios to evaluate the potential of mitigating GHG emissions, shedding light on institutional aspects, benefits and risks of implementing each measure. Selected policies analyzed in this paper focus on: (i) reduction of frequency and distance of motorized trips; (ii) improvement of public transport; and (ii) technological issues, from improvement of fuel efficiency of all transport modes to replacement of fossil fuels by biofuels. Results show that the measures that present the highest potential to reduce GHG emissions are those that promote the use of biofuels, particularly ethanol, followed by those that favor the use of public transport. Moreover, simulations of integrated policies evidence that their effectiveness depends upon the adoption of coordinated policies at Federal, State and Local levels. Lastly, we highlight the complementary nature of the proposed policies and the contribution of scenario building to the debate on the strategic planning of integrated urban public policies to promote sustainable development in São Paulo City.
This paper aims to examine the impacts of new technologies, especially of the digital TV, on the industry of terrestrial TV in selected countries. Taking the evolution of information and communication technologies (ICTs) as a background scenario, the transformations provoked by digitization of TV on the following aspects are analyzed: (i) the market structure of terrestrial TV (or free-to-air TV broadcasting), (ii) the plurality and diversity of TV programming. Based on secondary data and on recent studies on the technological trajectory of terrestrial TV in selected countries, one concludes that digital TV may provide great opportunities for development in such industry, but the magnitude of its benefits is strongly conditioned by socioeconomic factors and by how the service was regulated. Such findings may contribute to Brazilian debate on development opportunities opened by technological change to the television sector.
À medida que aumentam as necessidades de comunicação da sociedade e as relações entre os agentes do mercado se tornam cada vez mais complexas, o planejamento de novos bens ou serviços de telecomunicações requer a adoção de paradigmas sintonizados com o cenário que se delineia. A orientação que tradicionalmente baliza a concepção de novos projetos nesse setor expande-se de um foco técnico-econômico para um panorama que inclua as dimensões sociocultural e político-reguladora. O presente artigo discorre sobre o papel que um paradigma holístico, caracterizado por uma abordagem sistêmica e por uma visão pluralista, desempenha na concepção e na análise de viabilidade de projetos inovadores em telecomunicações, integrando as vertentes sociotécnica e técnico-econômica de análise. A reflexão aqui conduzida busca destacar a importância que o pensamento sistêmico, conjugado com abordagens de cunho qualitativo e que adotam múltiplas perspectivas, exerce em um contexto de análise ex ante de projetos de natureza complexa.
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