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One of the main challenges to use network functions virtualization (NFV) is to properly manage the life cycle of the virtualized network functions (VNFs).Current solutions based on the ETSI standard NFV architectural framework are complex and require the knowledge of a myriad of details of the underlying infrastructure. This work proposes a VNF manager (VNFM) specification that supports different platforms and VNF utilization scenarios. The proposed VNFM specification defines a set of APIs, modules, and components, for both the end user and the back-end that provide the fundamental set of operations required to fully manage the VNF life cycle. Our primary goal is to simplify the operations, in particular reducing the need for the network operator to know the details of the virtualized infrastructure. Note that the proposed solution fills a gap and complements the ETSI VNFM module. A prototype was implemented, and experimental results show the effectiveness and low overhead of the proposed solution. INTRODUCTIONNetwork functions virtualization (NFV) is a paradigm that presents several advantages in comparison with traditional middle boxes, including the flexibility for service provisioning and the reduction of both operational (OPEX) and capital (CAPEX) expenditures. 1,2 NFV uses virtualization techniques to provide network services through virtual devices running on generic hardware (eg, x86 architecture). Thus, it is much simpler to make new services available as well as to modify and update existing services. There is no need for a proprietary or specialized hardware equipment, resulting in cost reduction and flexible service provisioning. 3 Nevertheless, there are several challenges to the practical use of NFV technology, including the effective management and performance assurance of virtualized network functions (VNFs). The European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) has been working on an NFV architectural framework. One of the main components of that architecture is the VNF manager (VNFM), an entity responsible for managing the life cycle of VNFs. Management operations allow for example instantiate, delete, and update virtualized functions, but there are also other important operations, such as automatically scaling up/down resource usage and VNF recovery in case of failure. 4 Several platforms have attempted to provide a suitable implementation for the ETSI VNFM component. [5][6][7][8][9] In general, these platforms require laborious work to execute tasks related to the life cycle management of VNFs, from the creation
One of the main challenges to use network functions virtualization (NFV) is to properly manage the life cycle of the virtualized network functions (VNFs).Current solutions based on the ETSI standard NFV architectural framework are complex and require the knowledge of a myriad of details of the underlying infrastructure. This work proposes a VNF manager (VNFM) specification that supports different platforms and VNF utilization scenarios. The proposed VNFM specification defines a set of APIs, modules, and components, for both the end user and the back-end that provide the fundamental set of operations required to fully manage the VNF life cycle. Our primary goal is to simplify the operations, in particular reducing the need for the network operator to know the details of the virtualized infrastructure. Note that the proposed solution fills a gap and complements the ETSI VNFM module. A prototype was implemented, and experimental results show the effectiveness and low overhead of the proposed solution. INTRODUCTIONNetwork functions virtualization (NFV) is a paradigm that presents several advantages in comparison with traditional middle boxes, including the flexibility for service provisioning and the reduction of both operational (OPEX) and capital (CAPEX) expenditures. 1,2 NFV uses virtualization techniques to provide network services through virtual devices running on generic hardware (eg, x86 architecture). Thus, it is much simpler to make new services available as well as to modify and update existing services. There is no need for a proprietary or specialized hardware equipment, resulting in cost reduction and flexible service provisioning. 3 Nevertheless, there are several challenges to the practical use of NFV technology, including the effective management and performance assurance of virtualized network functions (VNFs). The European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) has been working on an NFV architectural framework. One of the main components of that architecture is the VNF manager (VNFM), an entity responsible for managing the life cycle of VNFs. Management operations allow for example instantiate, delete, and update virtualized functions, but there are also other important operations, such as automatically scaling up/down resource usage and VNF recovery in case of failure. 4 Several platforms have attempted to provide a suitable implementation for the ETSI VNFM component. [5][6][7][8][9] In general, these platforms require laborious work to execute tasks related to the life cycle management of VNFs, from the creation
У статті обґрунтовано важливість пристосування підприємства до мінливого зовнішнього середовища його функціонування. Висвітлено категорію «адаптація комунікативної складової комплексу маркетингу» підприємства. Дано методику визначення рівня адаптації комунікативної складової комплексу маркетингу виноробного підприємства. Охарактеризовано зовнішнє середовище виноробних підприємств Херсонської області у 2013-2017 рр. Визначено елементи внутрішнього середовища підприємства виноробної промисловості (на прикладі ПрАТ «Князя Трубецького»). Встановлено наявний рівень адаптації комунікативної складової комплексу маркетингу підприємства. Виявлено взаємозв'язок між рівнем адаптації комунікативної складової комплексу маркетингу та валовим прибутком підприємства. Визначено невикористані можливості підвищення ефективності функціонування підприємства за рахунок зростання рівня адаптації комунікативної складової комплексу маркетингу.Ключові слова: адаптація, рівень адаптації, комунікативна складова, маркетингові комунікації, комплекс маркетингу, зовнішнє середовище, внутрішнє середовище, виноробна промисловість.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Постановка проблеми та її зв'язок з важливими науковими та практичними завданнями. Сучасні умови господарювання підприємств виноробної промисловості, коли зростає ступінь мінливості зовнішнього середовища і загостюється конкуренція, вимагають від підприємств пристосування до їхньої дії через адаптацію всіх напрямів діяльності, зокрема, комплексу маркетингу та його складових. Адже саме адаптація надає підприємству можливість уникати кризових явищ, ефективно конкурувати та розширює діапазон його ринкових можливостей [1, с.38].Аналіз останніх публікацій по проблемі.
O presente artigo refere-se a um mapeamento preliminar de trabalhos de pesquisa que trataram dos arquivos escolares como objeto central de reflexão. Busca-se compreender o que dizem os trabalhos de pesquisa sobre organizar, sistematizar, preservar e inventariar fontes de arquivos escolares para a História da Educação. Para desenvolver a compreensão, utilizou-se da pesquisa bibliográfica inspirada por trabalhos sobre “estado do conhecimento” ou “estado da arte”. Os trabalhos de pesquisa que tiveram arquivos escolares como objeto de reflexão central sugerem formas diversas de abordagem, organização, sistematização, preservação e construção de inventários que contribuem para a preservação da memória educativa e para a escrita da História da Educação no Brasil. Compreende-se, além disso, que trabalhos de pesquisa que fazem uso de arquivos escolares em seus percursos investigativos devem, ainda que não criem inventários completos, investir na descrição de potencialidades das fontes de pesquisa utilizadas.
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