Objectives: Using communicative gestures are one of the related factors of language development in toddler periods. The purpose of this study was to examine communicative gestures in toddlers with and without developmental language delay (DLD) and their relations to language development. Methods: The participants were 10 toddlers with DLD, 10 typically developing chronological age-matched toddlers (CA-matched group), and 10 typically developing language age-matched toddlers (LA-matched group). Communicative gestures were measured with a specific coding scheme consisting of deictic, representational, and conventional gestures in behavior sampled through the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Developmental Profile (CSBS DP) and free play for 5 minutes. Results: The results showed the following. The DLD group produced a significantly lower frequency of communicative gestures than the CA-matched group, however there was not a significant difference in the LA-matched group. Among the three types of gestures the DLD group showed a significant difference from the CA-matched group only in deictic gestures. The DLD group revealed significantly lower frequency in pointing and giving deictic gestures than the CA-matched group. The total frequency of gestures and frequency of deictic gestures were positively correlated to receptive and expressive language age as measured by the Sequenced of Language Scale for Infants (SELSI) in the DLD group and the LA-matched group, however they were negatively correlated to expressive vocabulary measured by the Korea MacArthur-Bates Communication Development Inventory (K M-B CDI) in the CA-matched group. Conclusion: We discuss the relationship between communication gestures and DLD based on these results.
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This study was conducted to examine attitudes and conception of community toward the mental illness. The data, which is used for this study was two questions, was extracted from National Health Behavior Examination survey. 1,051 were included for analysis, and frequency analysis, chi-square test, t-test, and logistic regression were used. As a result, man has more positive attitude than women. old age group(>=65) was more positive than other age group significantly(p<0.05). In the educational aspect, people who graduate college or higher educated has negative attitude or conception to the mental illness, and middle school graduate group showed significantly positive attitude(p<0.05). The result of this study will present the reason and basic information for planning of mental health program in community.
Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate dietary habits related to weight reduction and snack intake habits of 4 th to 5 th grade elementary students located in Jeju-si, Jeju, South Korea. Methods: The 4 th and 5 th grade elementary school students (total n = 234, equally matched numbers of normal weight children and overweight/obese children (n = 117/group)) were surveyed using a questionnaire and a 24-hour dietary recall method in Oct 2015. Results: The percentage of students who experienced reduced food intake to control weight was 26.3% in the normal weight group (NG) and 77.6% in the obese group (OG). Most frequently answered meal for reduced intake was snacks in the NG and dinner in the OG. Percentages of daily calorie intake among subjects were 17.2% for breakfast, 33.8% for lunch, 29.7% for dinner, and 19.3% for snacks. Frequency of snack intake was 2.1 times a week in NG and 1.6 times a week in OG, which showed a statistical difference between body weight groups. Types of snack foods were distinctly different depending on where children consumed them, although no difference was observed between NG and OG. In addition, snack intake level of low energy and nutrient-dense foods was significantly lower in the OG compared to the NG, whereas snack intake level of energy dense and low-nutritive foods was not different between the OG and NG. Conclusion: Taken together, snack intake level with consideration of frequency and amount of snack intake showed that children in the OG consumed significantly less low energy and nutrientdense foods compared to the NG. Therefore, nutritional education for choosing healthy snack foods for children regardless of body weight status is crucial based on family-school links.
Objectives: Language sample analysis is one of most the useful methods of assessing spoken language expression ability and is recommended that SLPs use it for evaluation of language disorders. This study aimed to examine use of and needs for language sample analysis (LSA) by Korean speech-language pathologists (K-SLPs) and to suggest improvements for language analysis as an assessment of persons with language disorders based on the results. Method: 1,351 K-SLPs participated in the study. A questionnaire was developed to investigate the demographic information, assessment practices, use of language analysis, and need for using computer-based language analysis and advanced education on language analysis; and then the questionnaire was sent to the participants through an online survey format. The survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and χ 2. Results: Only half of the respondents indicated they conducted LSA for assessing language. Participants who had a 1st degree K-SLP certification were more likely to conduct LSA than those with a 2nd degree K-SLP certification. Most of the participants who responded that they conducted LSA reported that they analyzed less than 10 samples over the last year. The main reason for not conducting LSA was that it was too time-consuming. Most of the participants had no experience using computer assistance for LSA; however, they said they would use it if possible and hoped to participate in advanced LSA education and training. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that most SLPs did not conduct LSA, and the main reason for not conducting it was that it is too time-consuming. Based on the results of the study, we discussed ways to improve conducting LSA.
Purpose: The numbers of male nurse were steadily increased. This study was to examine the effects of gender stereotypes (GS) on academic and employment stress among male and female nursing students. Methods: Total 414 nursing students (109 male and 305 female) were sampled from two nursing college in Gwangju. Data collected from March 5th to 17th 2015 by self-reported questionnaires. Descriptive analyses, t-tests, one-way ANOVA, correlation analyses and multiple linear regression
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