The manual is designed to study the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases of the oral mucosa. In the formation of a text base tutorials used program of discipline "Stomatology" module "Gerontotechnology and diseases of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity". All the themes associated with the programs, the curricula of training on discipline "Stomatology" and the professional standard "dentist". In accordance with the requirements of the GEF, in the educational process are widely used active and interactive forms of training, such as group discussions, role-playing games, solving situational problems, etc. Independent work of students involves preparing for practical training in the system of distance learning agmu (Moodle). For persons with disabilities of the musculoskeletal system and persons with disabilities provides the opportunity to remotely familiarize themselves with the materials of classes, as well as testing on the topics of practical training in Moodle. Manual allows to deepen knowledge on the subject "Dentistry" module "Gerontotechnology and diseases of the mucous membranes of the mouth" with the formation of students ' skills of independent synthesis of a coherent picture of the subject. The textbook consists of an introduction, chapters, control tasks, conclusion, standard answers to control tasks, references and abbreviations. For ease of perception, a uniform organization and categorization of the text of all chapters has been introduced. At the end of each Chapter, control questions, test tasks and situational tasks are proposed, aimed at consolidating the material and assessing the effectiveness of mastering the studied topic. Situational task contains: the patient's complaints, anamnesis, data of objective examination and the assignment to her. For self-control of students in the manual answers to test tasks and situational tasks. The publication is intended for students of dental faculties of medical schools, as additional literature and to prepare for GIA.
В статье описан опыт использования дистанционного обучения в медицинском высшем учебном заведении на примере стоматологического факультета в период пандемии COVID-9. Охарактеризованы положительные и отрицательные стороны данной формы обучения. Проведено анонимное анкетирование 449 студентов 1-5 курсов стоматологического факультета. Вопросы анкеты касались пандемии COVID-19, организации дистанционного обучения в условиях самоизоляции и уровня владения персональным компьютером и навыков работы в сети Интернет. В ходе анализа ответов выявлено, что современные студенты обладают хорошими навыками по работе с современной техникой, программным обеспечением и работой в сети Интернет, и это способствует быстрой адаптации к новой форме обучения; абсолютное большинство студентов владеют актуальной информацией, касающейся путей распространения и методов профилактики распространения новой коронавирусной инфекции, получаемой в основном из официальных источников; большинство студентов удовлетворены процессом обучения в дистанционном режиме, высоко оценивают содержание учебной информации и ее подачу преподавателями университета; проблемы и трудности, возникающие в ходе освоения образовательных программ в новой форме, в основном связаны с техническими проблемами из-за высокой нагрузки на сервер вуза. Сделан вывод о возможности использования данной формы образования в качестве взвешенной альтернативы очной форме в условиях пандемии и при отсутствии возможности классической формы обучения. Подчеркнута важность отработки практических навыков в условиях симуляционного центра и поликлиники как одного из самых значимых недостатков медицинского образования в новых условиях. Ключевые слова: дистанционное обучение, высшее медицинское образование, стоматология, Moodle, пандемия COVID-19.
Subject. Anatomical and functional disorders of the mucogingival complex. Objectives. To evaluate microcirculatory, clinical and radiological changes in periodontal tissues in various variants of mucogingival complex disorders. Methodology. The study was conducted at the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry of ASMU. In the course of the study, 80 patients (49 women, 31 men) aged 18 to 35 years were examined with a ratio of dentition close to orthognathic bite in the presence of maximum occlusion. Three groups were formed depending on the anatomical and functional state of the mucogingival complex. In the clinical part of the study, an objective assessment of the condition of periodontal tissues was carried out on the basis of a dental examination with a comprehensive analysis of the periodontal status. The X-ray examination included the analysis and description of cone-beam computed tomograms for patients of clinical groups. To assess microcirculation in periodontal tissues, the method of ultrasonic Dopplerography with functional probe breakdown was used. Results. In the studied groups, the level of oral hygiene was characterized as good, and the indicators of hygiene indices did not differ significantly, periodontal indices indicated the absence or minimal degree of inflammation in periodontal tissues. Carrying out a functional tension test made it possible to divide patients into subgroups according to the type of reaction: normal, compensated, subcompensated, decompensated. According to the results of the study of CBCT in the comparison group, pathological changes in the bone tissue of the alveolar process of the studied areas were not recorded, in patients of the first clinical group, in most cases (80.2%), pathological changes in the bone tissue of the alveolar process were not observed, in the rest (19.8%), a low level of alveolar bone was noted. In patients of the second clinical group, the phenomena of osteoporosis and an increase in the distance from the dental enamel-cement border to the edge of the outer cortical plate were recorded. Conclusions. X-ray changes in bone tissue most often corresponded to the already existing clinical symptoms of periodontal tissue damage against the background of mucogingival pathology. The predictors of prenosological diagnosis in anatomical and functional disorders of the mucogingival complex were changes in microcirculation indicators.
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