Purpose This paper addresses the motivations of tourists who visit the region of La Rioja, Spain, which is well known for its internationally recognized, high-quality wines, yet remains understudied as a wine tourism destination. The paper aims to ascertain whether tourists are attracted to La Rioja because of its famous wines and wine-related activities or if other motivations exist. Design/methodology/approach The data were derived from 217 questionnaires regarding tourists’ motivations. A tourist survey was applied in La Rioja’s capital city, Logroño, and segmentation analysis was undertaken. The data were first grouped into five factors regarding motivations for one’s visit. These factors were then used to create two clusters: “wine tourists” and “other tourists”. Findings The results enabled us to detect different segments of tourists. The existence of two clusters suggests that tourists are motivated to visit the region for various reasons that are not necessarily wine-related. Thus, the region should be marketed to tourists beyond the theme of wine, as there is a demand for diverse experiences. Originality/value Using the push and pull theory, this study contributes to the literature on the profile of visitors to wine tourism destinations by identifying differences in terms of motivations and other personal characteristics between “wine tourists” and the “other tourists”. It also adds to the few existing studies on wine tourism segmentation in Spain through its focus on La Rioja, which is one of the most famous Spanish wine tourism destinations.
The aim is to evaluate the effect of metabolic activity of intestinal microflora on laboratory manifestations of carbohydrate malabsorption syndrome in early-aged children with rotavirus infection by studying the main intestinal metabolites – short-chain fatty acids in faeces. Materials and methods. 60 breastfed children with rotavirus infection aged 1–24 months were examined. The total amount of carbohydrates in faecal samples was determined using Benedict’s test, and the detection of short-chain fatty acids in faeces was carried out using liquid chromatography in the dynamics of the disease – on the 3rd, 5th and 10th day. Results. It was established, that the amount of reducing sugars in faeces decreased with the increasing concentration of intestinal microflora metabolites during the entire period of rotavirus infection. In patients with ≤0.5 % level of carbohydrates in faeces, the total content of short-chain fatty acids was the highest and exceeded by 2.0, 1.8 and 1.7 times the indicators of children with Benedict’s test values >0.5 % on the 3rd, 5th and 10th days of the disease, respectively (p < 0.05). A decrease in the metabolic activity of the intestinal microbiota in the above category of children occurred mainly due to a deficiency in the production of acetic and propionic acids (P < 0.05). In the acute period of the disease, an imbalance in the intestinal microbiota infrastructure was noted towards a deficiency of obligate anaerobes that was expressed in a decrease in the anaerobic index (P < 0.05). The severity of these disorders influenced the severity of carbohydrate malabsorption: with an increase in the level of undigested sugars in faeces >0.5 %, the anaerobic index values were 3 and 5 times lower than at a carbohydrate level ≤0.5 % on the 3rd and 5th days of the disease, respectively (P < 0.05). Conclusions. It has been found that early-aged children with rotavirus infection have structural and functional disorders of the intestinal microflora, which influence the severity of carbohydrate malabsorption syndrome. The lower the saccharolytic activity of intestinal bacteria, the more pronounced the manifestations of this syndrome during the entire period of the disease.
Aim. Clinical case report of multisystem inflammatory syndrome, probably associated with COVID-19 and complicated by large thrombus in the right atrium in a child highlights the problems of monitoring, treatment, and the possibility of their solution. Presentation of a clinical case. We demonstrate one of the cases of multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C), which meets WHO criteria. In a child with a severe course of the disease and symptoms of hyperinflammation, on the 16th day from the onset of the disease, a positive effect was registered on the introduction of human normal immunoglobulin for intravenous administration and glucocorticosteroids. But on the day 27 of the disease, despite administration of anticoagulant therapy, a large blood clot was found in the right atrium cavity. Operation was performed with removal of the thrombus from the right atrium under artificial blood circulation and the child was discharged in satisfactory condition to continue treatment in an outpatient setting on the day 56 of the disease. Conclusions. Timely diagnosis of MIS-C in children with fever, signs of inflammation and organ dysfunction during the pandemic spread of COVID-19 and reasonable administration of intravenous immunoglobulin and steroids may reduce the inflammatory response and improve the prognosis. It is also important to conduct population-based prospective studies to optimize thromboprophylaxis in children with COVID-19 and MIS-C.
The aim is to assess the intestinal microflora functional and structural disorders in early-aged children in the dynamics of rotavirus infection by studying intestinal metabolites in faeces – short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Materials and methods. The study included 60 breastfed children aged 1-24 months with rotavirus infection (the study group) and 30 healthy children, representative by age and sex (the comparison group). Determination of SCFA (acetate, propionate, butyrate) in faeces was carried out in all children of the study group three times in the dynamics of the disease (on the 3rd, 5th and 10th day) and in healthy children once. Results. The total concentration of SCFA in children with rotavirus infection was 3 and 2.2 times lower than in healthy children in the acute period of the disease (p<0.01 on the 3rd and 5th day, respectively), increasing on the 10th day (p<0.05), however, not reaching the normal level (p<0.01). The decrease in the total pool of SCFA occurred due to all volatile acids (C2, C3, C4), the concentrations of which were lower than in healthy children (p<0.01). Violation of the volatile acids ratio in their general pool was observed from the first days of rotavirus gastroenteritis in the form of an increase in the C2 relative concentration (p˂0.05) and a decrease in C3 and C4 profiles (p˂0.05). Correspondingly, a decrease in anaerobic index was noted. It was equal to 0.04 [0.01; 0.11] on the 3rd and 5th day of the disease, constituting only 1/5 of the healthy children values (p˂0,01), increasing on the 10th day to 0,09 [0,02; 0.17], however, remaining twice as lower than in children of the comparison group (p˂0,01). Conclusions. There is a violation of the intestinal microflora functional condition in early-aged children from the first days of rotavirus infection, which is expressed by depletion of the total pool of SCFA and concentrations of each of them, as well as structural disorders of intestinal microbiocinosis in the form of reducing its anaerobiosis. These changes are most pronounced during the first five days of rotavirus gastroenteritis and last up to 10th day of illness.
Purpose. To reveal the peculiarities of plant yield formation and biometric indicators of marketable products of different savoy cabbage varieties under the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The research was conducted in the Research and Production Department of Uman National University of Horticulture in the years 2018–2020. Varieties of savoy cabbage (‘Vertu 1340’ – control, ‘Sphere’, 'Rozali' and ‘Vertus’) were planted according to the scheme 70 × 40 cm (35.7 thousand plants/ha). Results. On average, over the years of research, the highest yield was formed by savoy cabbage varieties 'Vertus' (53.1 t/ha) and ‘Sphere’ (51.8 t/ha), which was 7.4 and 6.1 t/ha, respectively (in control option ‘Vertu’1340' it was 45.7 t/ha). The least productive among the studied assortment was ‘Rozali’ with 39.9 t/ha. ‘Vertu 1340’ was characterized by the lowest marketability of the obtained products (85.6%), while in the others this indicator was higher, on average, by 9.1–13.3%. Savoy cabbage varieties 'Sphere' and 'Vertus' exceeded the control variety over all biometric indicators of the cabbage head: average weight of 1.73 and 1.50 kg against 1.40 kg, diameter of 18.6 and 18.2 cm against 17.8 cm, respectively. The variety ‘Rozali’ was significantly inferior to them in all these indicators. Regarding the biochemical components of the products of the studied varieties, the dry matter content averaged 8.07–10.17%, sugars 3.27–3.58%, vitamin C 32.64–60.98 mg/100 g. Qualitative indicators were the highest in the control variety 'Vertu 1340' and the lowest in 'Sphere'. Conclusions. When grown in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, the highest yields and marketability of products are formed by savoy cabbage varieties ‘Sphere’ and ‘Vertus’. At the same time, the control variety ‘Vertu 1340’ surpasses all others in terms of product quality indicators, namely dry matter content, sugars and vitamin C.
The aim is to determine the pathogenetic role of the metabolic activity of the intestinal microflora in the formation of the severity and duration of rotavirus diarrhea in early-aged children. Materials and methods. 60 children aged 1–24 months with RVI were included in the research group. The metabolic activity of the intestinal microflora was determined by detecting short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in feces in the dynamics of the disease (the absolute concentration (μmol/l) of acetate, propionate, butyrate, the total concentration of SCFAs and the value of the anaerobic index (AI) on the 3rd, 5th and 10th days of RVI) using high-performance liquid chromatography with LC-MS chromatography Agilent 1260 Infinity HPLC System, USA. Results. From the 5th day of RVI, with a minimally expressed diarrheal syndrome, a higher total pool of SCFA and higher AI values were observed than with moderate-severe and severe diarrhea (p ˂ 0.05 on the 5th and 10th days of RVI). A longer duration of the diarrheal syndrome in children was associated with a decrease in the metabolic activity of sucrolytic intestinal bacteria: patients with diarrhea ≤5 days had 2.4 times higher indicators of the total pool of SCFA, than patients with the duration of diarrhea ≥6 days (p ˂ 0.05). The degree of reduction in the concentration of C3 and the value of AI on the 2–3rd days of RVI was directly correlated with the duration of diarrhea, which increased by 1 day with a decrease in C3 by 20.6 μmol/l or a decrease in AI by 0.05. Conclusions. The influence of the intestinal microflora metabolic deficiency on the severity of diarrhea in early-aged children manifests itself from the 5th day of illness. A decrease in the concentration of propionate and the value of AI on the 2–3rd days of the disease is the earliest indicator of prolonged diarrhea in children with RVI.
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