The aim of the study is to study the epidemiological risks and features of the incidence of COVID-19 in medical organizations in order to develop proposals for optimizing preventive and anti-epidemic measures.
Methods: we examined reporting forms "an overview of cases with positive COVID-19" (138 items), "an overview of cases of community-acquired pneumonia with positive COVID-19" (138 units), the card of epidemiological investigation of the disease COVID-19 health workers (386 units of information), copies of "Acts of epidemiological investigation of infectious (parasitic) diseases, establishing causal relationships" (47 units of information), copies of extraordinary reports about the emergency situation of sanitary-and-epidemiologic nature (47 items). We used epidemiological and statistical methods of information processing.
Conclusion: the incidence of coronavirus infection in health care workers correlated with the incidence of adult population, had a higher indicator than among them, without differing in severity and outcomes of COVID-19. The prevalence of morbidity in medical organizations was the predominance among the affected employees of medical organizations. Conditions that contribute to infection were various violations of preventive and anti-epidemic measures, including the use of personal protective equipment.
There were established municipalities with the highest mortality rates from community-acquired
pneumonia (CAP). When etiological deciphering of CAP confirmed the role of S. pneumoniae (Klein)
Chester in the development and outcome of this disease. Among the risk contingents were vaccinated
against pneumococcal disease, which had an impact on morbidity and mortality from CAP. It is proved
that the vaccination of contingent risk against pneumococcal disease reduces the morbidity and
mortality from CAP.
Relevance. Despite more than 50 years of successful experience with pertussis immunization, pertussis remains an important public health problem. WHO estimated 16 million people worldwide are infected per year, a significant number of whom are children under 1 year of age. In the last 10 years a significant increase in the incidence of whooping cough has been observed in many countries with a high immunization coverage level. In Russia, specific prevention of whooping cough, is held since 1959. Specific prevention of whooping cough has led to considerable improvement of an epidemiological situation and has shown its social and economic importance for maintenance of sanitary and epidemiologic wellbeing on this infection in Russia. Goal. Study the structure of population B. pertussis circulating in Russia in dynamics of whooping cough epidemic process. Materials and methods Studied 573 B. pertussis strains allocated from patients with whooping cough in 1948 - 2015 used multilocus sequence typing (MAST). Isolates divided in five groups: 1948 - 1969 - 37 strains, isolated in the vaccination period and the first ten years of mass childhood immunization; 1970 - 1989 - 63 strains; 1990 - 2005 - 203 strains (from G.N. Gabrichevsky Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology collection); 2006 - 2012 - 185 strains; 2013 - 2015 - 85 strains. Genotyping of strains was carried out according to the scheme MAST2 on the basis of a sequence of fragments of genes of ptxP-fim3-prn. Results of sequencing-typing were computed in the CromasLite program, identification of alleles and sequencing types carried out on EMBL/GenBank. Results. Formation of population of B.pertussis strains during more than 50 years went on the way of consecutive change of vaccinal genotype strains with strains of new nonvaccinal genotypes. Conclusions. Modern population of the causative agent of whooping cough is presented by the strains of genotype 322 and 329 possessing high virulence and causing heavier clinical course of disease.
Natural tularemia foci in the territory of the Khanty-Mansiisk Autonomous District-Yugra are still active and sustainable ones despite of the extended periods of epidemiological welfare. Agent reservoir is the water vole. However, recently tularemia agent has been detected in the northern red-backed vole and common red-toothed shrew. Khanty-Mansiisk town, Berezovsky, Khanty-Mansiisk, Kondinsky, and Oktyabr'sky Regions are situated in the territory of the most active foci. Serious outbreaks of infection among the population occur with an interval up to 30 years. Their transmissibility preconditions the scale and intensiveness. All cohorts are under the risk of exposure, irrespective of the age and occupation, including the infants. The paper discusses tularemia outbreak impact on the population of Khanty-Mansiisk and the Khanty-Mansiisk Region in July-October, 2013. Casualty toll is 1005 cases. Given is a brief retrospective analysis of epidemiological situation on tularemia since 1930-s up to the onset of the outbreak under investigation. Described is the experience in management of the response activities.
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