The aim of the study is to study the epidemiological risks and features of the incidence of COVID-19 in medical organizations in order to develop proposals for optimizing preventive and anti-epidemic measures. Methods: we examined reporting forms "an overview of cases with positive COVID-19" (138 items), "an overview of cases of community-acquired pneumonia with positive COVID-19" (138 units), the card of epidemiological investigation of the disease COVID-19 health workers (386 units of information), copies of "Acts of epidemiological investigation of infectious (parasitic) diseases, establishing causal relationships" (47 units of information), copies of extraordinary reports about the emergency situation of sanitary-and-epidemiologic nature (47 items). We used epidemiological and statistical methods of information processing. Conclusion: the incidence of coronavirus infection in health care workers correlated with the incidence of adult population, had a higher indicator than among them, without differing in severity and outcomes of COVID-19. The prevalence of morbidity in medical organizations was the predominance among the affected employees of medical organizations. Conditions that contribute to infection were various violations of preventive and anti-epidemic measures, including the use of personal protective equipment.
The prevalence of sexual infection in recent years among people with newly diagnosed HIV infection makes it relevant to study the features of its spread in populations with risky sexual behavior. The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence of HIV infection in a cohort of sex workers, so called sex workers (SW), taking into account their bio-behavioral risks in order to adjust prevention programs. In the course of the study, the SR had a higher prevalence of HIV infection than in the General population (4.10 vs. 1.85 %), the age of the first experience of providing sex services, the length of work in the sex business, the number of clients during the working day and week, and some other biopovedenical characteristics of the SW. The greatest HIV prevalence occurred among the SWs aged 40–49 (6.1 %) and 30–39 (5.6 %) years old and among women with experience in commercial sex for 20–25 (21.4 %) years.
Rationale: The epidemic process of COVID-19 in accordance with the theory of self-regulation of parasitic systems undergoes changes as SARS-CoV-2 evolves, both in the general population and in healthcare workers. The study of the clinical and epidemiological features of COVID-19 among employees of medical organizations at various stages of the pandemic is an important area of scientific research at this stage, which allows for prompt adjustment of preventive and anti-epidemic measures. The purpose of the study is to consider the epidemic process of COVID-19 in medical organizations in the context of the theory of self-regulation of parasitic systems and to determine the clinical and epidemiological features of COVID-19 among employees of medical organizations, as well as the effectiveness of individual anti-epidemic measures at different stages of the pandemic. Methods: Report forms "General information on patients with positive COVID-19, General information on patients with community-acquired pneumonia with positive COVID-19 (497 units of information), 2176 epidemiological investigation cards of COVID-19 cases. The work used epidemiological and statistical methods of research. Results: When studying the incidence of NCVI among workers of the Moscow Region in the reservation phase, compared with the phase of the epidemic spread of SARS-CoV-2, lower levels of the incidence of COVID-19 and the proportion of severe clinical forms of this infection were established. At the same time, a high frequency of repeated cases of COVID-19, as well as cases of the disease among those vaccinated against this infection, was registered during the epidemic spread phase. Among those influencing the development of the epidemic process, violations were established in the organization of anti-epidemic measures, as well as the provision of working space for employees of the Ministry of Defense. The change in the heterogeneous population of workers in the MO due to the growth of immunity tension changed the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the epidemic process of COVID-19. The effectiveness of specific prevention was assessed. Conclusion: The study confirms the correctness of the theory of self-regulation of parasitic systems of V.D. Belyakov, regarding the epidemic process of COVID-19 among employees of medical organizations, incl. the presence of successive phases of the epidemic process, the impact on it of the heterogeneity of the pathogen and host populations, as well as individual social factors, vaccination against COVID-19 of the population .
Результаты и обсуждение. Наиболее частыми клиническими проявлениями COVID-19 были слабость, повышение температуры тела, миалгия, артралгия, затруднение носового дыхания, серозно-слизистое отделяемое из носа, боль в горле, кашель, чувство сдавленности в грудной клетке, одышка, головная боль, боль в области глазных яблок, головокружение, аносмия, агевзия и диспептические проявления в виде диареи, тошноты или рвоты.Выявлены маркеры, связанные с развитием тяжелого течения пневмонии, ассоциированной с COVID-19. Определены пороговые значения лабораторных показателей для прогнозирования тяжелого течения COVID-19: количество тромбоцитов (<239×10 9 /л), лимфоцитов (<1,955×10 9 /л), цитотоксических Т-лимфоцитов (<0,455×10 9 /л), Т-хелперов (<0,855×10 9 /л), NK-клеток (<0,205×10 9 /л), скорости оседания эритроцитов (>11,5 мм/ч), лактатдегидрогеназы (>196 ед/л), общего белка (<71,55 г/л), D-димера (>0,325 мкг/мл), С-реактивного белка (>4,17 мг/л), интерлейкина-6 (>3,63 пг/л).Заключение. Полученные данные позволяют прогнозировать возможность развития тяжелого варианта течения COVID-19.Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки. Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.
Introduction: The epidemic process of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) can be managed only through vaccination. Yet, despite the availability of effective immunobiological preparations, health administrators often face a negative attitude of the population, including healthcare professionals, to vaccination. Objective: To establish commitment of workers of health facilities to vaccination against COVID–19 during different periods of the pandemic using modern online resources and to justify the need to develop effective practices of dealing with communicative risks in the course of vaccination. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in several successive stages corresponding to five waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Russian Federation by means of an online survey of 5,304 health workers using Google Forms. We applied sociological and statistical methods of research. Results: We observed that the attitude to vaccination against COVID-19 among the employees of health institutions was ambiguous and changed over time demonstrating a gradual increase in adherence to inoculations. The potential risk group with a negative attitude towards vaccination included female nurses and workers of non-medical specialties with less than five years of work experience. An insufficient level of commitment to coronavirus vaccination among the personnel of health facilities has been also noted in other countries, which is a serious problem on a global scale hindering the victory over this novel infection. Conclusion: We assessed commitment to inoculations against COVID-19 among medical workers using modern online resources and found its inadequate level necessitating effective interventions aimed at awareness raising and training in modern practices of effective communications.
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