На сучасному етапі розвитку суспільства особливої актуальності набуває проблема неконтрольованого поширення зброї масового ураження та засобів її доставки, що з початку 1990-х років і дотепер розглядається як головний дестабілізуючий фактор світової безпеки. Сьогодні ядерну зброю мають США, Росія, Китай, Франція та Великобританія. У 1998 році провели ядерні випробування Пакистан та Індія. За неофіційними даними, ведеться розробка ядерних боєприпасів в Ізраїлі, Південно-Африканській Республіці, Північній Кореї, Ірані, Іраку, Лівії. Найбільші запаси хімічної зброї знаходяться на території США, Росії, Китаю, Франції, Індії, всього хімічну зброю мають 23 країни (крім цього, 8 країн можуть у короткий термін налагодити її виробництво). Серед країн, що мають спільні кордони з Україною, хімічна зброя є в Росії, Румунії, Угорщині, Чехії, Болгарії, країнах, що розташовані на території колишньої Югославії. Наступну найсерйознішу небезпеку для світової спільноти та окремих держав,
Minimizing the effects of chemical, biological, radiation and nuclear (CBRN) incidents requires the simultaneous efforts of different specialists not only within one state, so recently international projects have been chosen for the purpose of developing and implementing not only national measures to minimize CBRN threats, but also coordination at the international level. The Aim of the Research. Substantiation of the relevance of a permanent international training center organization for the training of specialists in the field of CBRN security (direction — chemical security) for the needs of the power and special structures of Ukraine. Methods. Results of the instruction and trainings conducted within the framework of the project on the establishment of a network of training centers for minimizing the risks related to the CBRN threats in the countries of the region of Southeast and Eastern Europe, held on the basis of State Enterprise “Research Centre of Preventive Toxicology, Food and Chemical Safety named after L. I. Medved”, Ministry of Healthcare of Ukraine” (Science Center) in July 2019. Results and Discussion. Project 57: Strengthening the crime scene forensics capabilities in investigating CBRN incidents in the South East and Eastern Europe Centers of Excellence Region (Ref: Europe Aid / IFS / 2016/374993) came into action in 2019. The objective of Project 57 is to introduce a system of trainings on the investigation of CBRN incidents and the gradual formation of relationships between forensic experts and organizations with experience in the field of CBRN materials at the national level. Successful fulfillment of the tasks of investigating CBRN incidents requires constant professional improvement of specialists in various fields and development of the system of communication and interaction at the interdisciplinary level. Project 57 from Ukraine involved Ukrainian experts instructed and trained in EU countries as national forensic trainers in crime scene investigations. These candidates, after conducting the relevant exercises, were involved in conducting trainings on raising the level of knowledge of law enforcement officers of Ukraine. In July 2019, a team-based training (July 5) and national exercises (July 22–25) were held under Project 57 at the Science Center. Law enforcement experts from Ukraine and Moldova participated in the team and staff training. Exercises were performed in groups, and the results of the work were demonstrated and discussed via Skype conference mode. National exercises were conducted in the form of practical exercises in a specially prepared territory of the Science Center. The participants of the training worked with imitation material evidence in protective suits using technical means in real-time situations. In addition to the acquisition of practical skills, there was an exchange of knowledge and experience between the various agencies involved in the field of chemical threat. The participants gained experience that will help to improve management skills and improve coordination and communication between the actors involved in the response to the CBRN incidents. Conclusions. The conducted trainings proved the necessity of introducing a system of continuous professional instruction and advanced training of the staff of special and security structures of Ukraine involved in the investigation of CBRN incidents. Key Words: chemical, biological, radiation and nuclear safety, continuous professional development.
The aim: Research of personal hygiene products with detoxification properties by evaluating their formulation composition, emulsifying and complexing ability to heavy metal ions and radionuclides. Materials and methods: The complex-forming ability of raw materials with heavy metal ions was determined in vitro, the content of heavy metals was determined by the method of atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (BS EN 13805:2014); determined the content of 137Cs, 232Th, 40K, 226Ra, 90Sr in washings from the surface of the skin of hands treated with personal hygiene products. The means were tested for compliance with the standard on scintillation spectrometers of gamma radiation energy «SEG-001» «AKP-S» and beta radiation (SEB-01-70); methods used: MI 12-04-099 and MI 12-05-099. Results: A high complexing ability of the pectin-containing «Liana» shampoo was found in relation to heavy metal ions (Co2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+), as well as in their combined presence. It was established that the effectiveness of removing fatty impurities from the surface of the skin of the «Liana» product was 10.1 times higher than that of liquid soap (р<0.001). A high level of deactivating, degassing and antibacterialproperties of the personal care products «Bastion» and «Bastion-M» was revealed. Conclusions: Today, there is significant potential in the creation of formulations for special (sanitary) skin and hair surface treatment, containing natural complexing agents as detoxicants, and can be used in special professional activities associated with the risk of exposure to CBRN factors.
Objective. To substantiate the introduction of differentiated surgical tactics, taking into account the trauma severity for improvement of the treatment results in the wounded persons, suffering the gun-shot injuries of the hip (GSIH). Маterials and methods. Differentiated surgical tactics was substantiated by the authors, using as a measure for trauma severity estimation the AdTS (Admission trauma Scare) on different levels of medical support, and introduced in 57 wounded persons, suffering the GSIH. Medical efficacy of the tactics and treatment elaborated for the wounded persons was compared in accordance to conventional methods without application of the AdTS scale. Results. There was reduced the mortality from 7.3 tо 1.8%, the extremities amputation performance rate - from 24.4 tо 8.8%, the local complications quantity, calculated for one wounded person, - from 1.07 tо 0.58 (рα < 0.05), relative quantity of poor functional results - from 34.1 tо 19.3% (рα < 0.05), while the specific weight of good functional results increased - from 29.3 to 47.4 due to introduction of differentiated surgical tactics, taking into account the trauma severity on various levels of medical support. Conclusions. In the wounded persons, suffering nonsevere trauma (lesser, than 5 points) it is necessary to perform a complete volume of surgical aid; while in severe one (5 - 9 points) and in extremely high (more than 9 points) trauma the help must be delivered in a shortened volume, using the damage control principle.
The Scientific-practical conference "Experience of military formations in the aftermath of the Chernobyl accident through the prism of modern radiation and chemical threats" (hereinafter - the Conference) was organized by the Ukrainian Military Medical Academy in conjunction with the National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine and conducted on the basis of SE "Research Center of Preventive Toxicology, Food and Chemical Safety named after Academician L.I. Medved of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine" in Kyiv on April 15-16, 2021. Aim. The Conference was dedicated to the 35th anniversary of the Chernobyl disaster, current issues of CBRN medical care and generalization of experience in eliminating the radiation accident, taking into account the current structure of medical forces and troops of the CBRN protection. The main purpose of the Conference was to spread the scientific and pedagogical experience of the Ukrainian Military Medical Academy as the only medical institution in the country for the training of military medical personnel. The event was attended by representatives of the Department of Military Education and Science of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, Command of the Medical Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, higher military primary institutions of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, radiation, chemical, biological protection of the Armed Forces and Defense Forces of Ukraine, higher medical primary institutions of Ukraine, health care institutions of Ukraine, representatives of the Malaysian Armed Forces and colleagues from Canada. Conclusions. The conference provided an opportunity for military medics, scientists, and civil servants to come together to share experiences on a wide range of issues. Measures to eliminate the radiation accident were discussed; measures of medical protection and rendering of medical care in the conditions of radiation infection; the role of the medical service of the Armed Forces in the elimination of radiation accidents; coordination and interaction between departments and institutions of different subordination in the field of medical care and radiation protection with the involvement of military specialists in the elimination of the consequences of a radiation accident; integration of scientific and educational activities in the system of higher military medical education; application of new scientific and technical knowledge during the training of military medics and the formation of scientific personnel potential. The conference was attended by about 90 experts in the field of theoretical and clinical medicine and CBRN defense, who presented 20 plenary and 10 section reports, prepared 39 abstracts, which were reflected in the scientific journal "Ukrainian Journal of Military Medicine" (Vol. 2. №1. 2021. Appendix). Key Words: radiation accidents, military radiology, military medicine, medical protection.
Abstract. The scale and nature of the existing external and internal threats form the directions of international security cooperation for Ukraine, which today focus on a range of topical issues in the field of chemical, biological and radiation safety. Aim. Evaluation of the results of international cooperation of the Scientific Center in the field of chemical safety, in particular in matters related to the identification of controlled and toxic chemical substances. Materials and Methods. The results of the international activity of the Scientific Center in the field of chemical safety for the past 5 years are summarized; cooperation with international donors, representatives of the government of Ukraine, scientists and non-governmental organizations is summarized. Results. A key event in the field of international cooperation was participation in G-7 Regular Meeting within the framework of the Global Partnership (Munich, Germany, 2014), where Ukraine presented about 90 projects in three areas: chemical, biological and physical nuclear safety. The results of the implementation of OSCE Project Coordinator in Ukraine: "Integrated Chemical Safety and Security Program in Ukraine (ICSSP) (2014-2019) and "Enhancing Ukraine's Chemical Emergency Response Capacity) (2020-2021) are highly appreciated. Participation in Project Project 57: Strengthening crime scene forensics capabilities in investigating CBRN incidents in the South East and Eastern Europe Centers of Excellence Region (2018-2020) and "South East and Eastern Europe CBRN Risk Mitigation and Security Governance Program (UNICRI) (2021) had significant scientific and practical results. Conclusions. Participation in the work of international projects is invaluable in shaping the professional worldview of scientists and specialists whose activities belong to the sphere of CBRN security. The joint implementation of international initiatives provides a real opportunity for the operational implementation of new experience in practice, which is reflected in the plans of scientific works, the content of trainings and educational programs for the training of specialists who, according to their professional duties, need modern knowledge in the field of managing the consequences of CBRN threats. Key Words: chemicals, chemical safety, toxicology.
РефератМета. На основі клінічно-статистичного аналізу змін показників гомеостазу визначити оптимальну схему медичної евакуації поранених з бойовою травмою кінцівок. Матеріали і методи. Проведено комплексне патофізіологічне дослідження щодо 378 поранених з бойовими травмами кінцівок за 26 показниками гомеостазу. Проводили динамічний лікарський контроль та визначали тяжкість травми за шкалою AdTS (Admission Trauma Scale) на всіх рівнях медичного забезпечення. Результати. Встановлено, що у разі послідовного надання травматологічної допомоги пораненим із тяжкою та вкрай тяжкою бойовою травмою кінцівок, оціненою за шкалою AdTS у 5 і більше балів, на рівнях медичного забезпечення за рахунок своєчасно проведених протишокових заходів і виконаних оперативних втручань тяжкі дихально-циркуляційні розлади -(5,2 ± 0,6) ум. од. поступово змінюються на помірні -(7,7 ± 0,2) ум. од. Медична евакуація поранених через один і два рівні призводить до розвитку незворотних дихально-циркуляційних розладів -(2,8 ± 0,9) ум. од., значного зниження разової та хвилинної продуктивності серця з тенденцією до серцево-судинної та дихальної недостатності: ударний індекс -(19,0 ± 4,1) мл/м 2 , серцевий індекс -(2,1 ± 0,3) л/хв/м 2 . У поранених з нетяжкою травмою, оціненою за шкалою AdTS менше 5 балів, скорочення кількості рівнів медичного забезпечення не впливає на загальний стан, а дихально-циркуляційні розлади мають помірний характер -(8,16 ± 1,37) ум. од. Висновки. Медичну евакуацію поранених з нетяжкою травмою (менше 5 балів за шкалою AdTS) необхідно проводити за скороченою схемою; з тяжкою (5-9 балів за шкалою AdTS) та вкрай тяжкою травмою (більше 9 балів за шкалою AdTS) -після проведення протишокових заходів та стабілізації стану на кожному рівні медичного забезпечення. Ключові слова: бойова травма кінцівок; травматичний шок; оцінка тяжкості травми; дихально-циркуляційні розлади; рівні медичного забезпечення. AbstractOnbjective. To determine the optimal scheme of medical evacuation for the wounded persons, suffering the combat trauma of the extremities, bаsing on clinic-statistical analysis of changes in the homeostasis indices. Маterials and methods. Complex pathophysiologic investigation, concerning 378 wounded persons, suffering a combat traumas of the extremities in accordance to 26 indices of homeostasis, was conducted. Dynamic physician's control with determination of the trauma severity in accordance to the AdTS (Admission Trauma Scale) on all levels of medical support was accomplished.Results. There was established, that in a case of organization of a consequent delivery of traumatological help to the wounded persons, suffering severe and extremely severe combat trauma of the extremities, estimated by the AdTS as 5 points and more, on levels of medical support due to timely conducted antishock measures and the operative interventions performed a severe respiratory-circulatory disorders -(5.2 ± 0.6) standard units -have had changed steadily towards moderate -(7.7 ± 0.2) standard units. Меdical evacuation of a wounded persons through ...
Аналізуючи історію застосування людством бойових отруйних речовин, неможливо не зробити висновок, що хімічна зброя, зокрема токсичні речовини нервово-паралітичної дії, пережила декілька етапів розвитку. Датою народження першого по-коління хімічної зброї вважається 22 квітня 1915 р., коли німецька армія біля бельгійського містечка Іпр застосувала проти англо-французьких військ Антанти хлор під час газової атаки. Приголомшуючий ефект від дії хімічної зброї обумовив її розвиток та застосування.
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