This article explores aspects of EU-Ukraine Association Agreement, where an important part is a provision for the establishment of a free trade zone, which involves bringing Ukraine’s technical regulations and procedures in line with European ones. At the same time, special attention is paid to the requirements of harmonization of domestic statutory acts concerning placing of chemical products, including pesticides on the market, as well as quality and identity of their studies to assess the level of hazard to human health and environment. According to the authors, the main element of the identity of the quality of data for the assessment of chemicals is the use of the principles of Good Laboratory Practice in conducting studies, approved by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Tasks for solving these issues during field studies of pesticides have been outlined. Key words: OECD, plant protection products, Good Laboratory Practice, field studies, standard operating procedures.

The establishment of a free trade zone within the framework of EU-Ukraine Association Agreement provides the necessary measures to achieve the relevant national standards regarding the level of European and international requirements. One of the important issues is the harmonization of the regulation of the circulation of chemical products, including pesticides. Particular requirements are laid down to the quality of the preclinical studies of plant protection products (PPPs) in accordance with the principles of Good Laboratory (GLP) and Good Experimental Practice (GEP) in laboratory and field conditions, the need for implementation of which is particularly relevant for the mutual recognition of PPP test results at their registration in Ukraine and European countries. Key words: plant protection products, registration, Good Laboratory Practice, Good Experimental Practice, Good Agricultural Practice, field studies, standard operating procedures.

In 2014 Ukraine accepted the OSCE proposal to develop an Integrated Chemical Safety and Security Program in Ukraine (ICSSP) aiming to develop a collaborative framework between the Ukrainian partners, the OSCE and the international partners for an effective and coordinated actions to ensure chemical safety and security. The main goal of the ICSSP program is to improve Ukraine’s ability to prevent, prepare for and respond to inappropriate handling of chemicals.Effective chemical safety will help to increase the level of protection of chemical materials, associated facilities and vehicles. ICSSP also had to ensure the implementation of modern solutions and coordinated approaches to strengthen the protection of critical infrastructure in Ukraine. A comprehensive review, conducted as the first step in the implementation of ICSSP, showed that the program should be aimed at introducing national activities in the field of chemical safety by a wide range of national authorities with a focus on the development of legislative and administrative measures for the implementation of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540 in the chemical industry. Realization of the program objectives will provide: — creating a national (regional) Reference Centre for Identification and Control of Chemicals, able to make expert conclusions regarding hazardous chemicals and precursors quickly and reliably; — expanding opportunities to detect chemicals, conduct toxicological studies, including for the purpose of export control and forensic investigations, and the possibility to clarify the nature and characteristics of “unknown” chemicals; — improving capabilities of regional network of chemical analytical laboratories to identify toxic chemicals and ability to conduct joint research, as well as to train laboratory personnel and to exchange good laboratory practices. The National Reference Centre can serve as a model laboratory and national (regional) training platform for the dissemination of knowledge and best practices.It can help to solve regional problems, because the neighbouring countries Moldova, Georgia, Azerbaijan and even some EU countries also need such assistance. Key Words: chemical safety, Reference Centre, preventive toxicology.

The hostilities on the territory of our state are accompanied by the destruction of the infrastructure of cities and industrial enterprises, which critically increased the risk of toxic gas emissions (including chlorine) and the occurrence of mass poisoning. Aim. To summarize modern knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of chlorine gas toxicity, clinical biomarkers of the toxic process, and modern treatment strategy. Material and Methods. Information data of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, the State Emergency Service of Ukraine (SES of Ukraine), the American Health Service (CDC), the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC), materials of scientific libraries PubMed, Medline, Elsevier. Content analysis, systematic and comparative analysis were used. Results and their Discussion. Chemical accidents with the release of chlorine and the occurrence of mass poisonings are registered in various countries. Until now, the mechanisms of the toxic action of chlorine remain completely unstudied, especially at the level of intracellular structures. The results of recent studies demonstrate that irritant and irritant-necrotic effects are not directly caused by chlorine molecules, but by their hydration products – hydrochloric and hypochlorous acids. These acids directly provide a high production of reactive superoxides and nitrogen oxidants, which form oxidative stress in the epithelial cells of the mucous membrane of the bronchopulmonary structure in deeper tissues. The destruction of the cells of the ciliated epithelium occurs, the functioning of ion channels is disturbed and the permeability of cell membranes increases, inflammatory reactions develop: hyperemia, edema, bronchospasm, and surfactant destruction. These processes are facilitated by a massive release of biologically active substances – proinflammatory cytokines – IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, nuclear factor (NF-KB), 8-isoprostane and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-β) – one of the main biomarkers of oxidative stress. These processes cause: damage to intracellular structures – mitochondria; imbalance in the functioning of the signaling molecule cAMP and disruption of autophagy processes; a decrease in the energy potential of cells with the development of endothelial dysfunction, a violation of the vascular mechanisms of NO homeostasis, both in the cells of the respiratory tract and outside the lungs, which contributes to anatomical damage and impaired function of the organs of the cardiovascular system and kidneys. Conclusion. The mechanism of the toxic action of chlorine at the level of intracellular structures undoubtedly requires further study. Another relevant direction of research may be the search for new sensitive biomarkers of the toxic process, which will allow us to objectively assess the severity of poisoning and increase the effectiveness of the rather complex process of treating patients, in the absence of antidotes. Key Words: chlorine gas, toxicity, mechanism of action, acute poisoning, treatment of poisoning.

Мета роботи. На основі аналізу сучасних літературних даних і власних досліджень обґрунтувати принципи раціональної комплексної терапії хворих з гострими отруєннями сполуками талію (Tl+) на різних етапах інтоксикації. Матеріали та методи. Проведено науковий аналіз даних літератури і власних досліджень та обґрунтовано принципи раціональної комплексної терапії хворих з гострими отруєннями сполуками талію на різних етапах розвитку інтоксикації та визначено алгоритм дії лікаря при підозрі на гостре отруєння Tl+. Результати та висновки. Обґрунтовано принципи комплексної терапії гострих отруєнь Tl+, яка включає антидотну терапію, методи екстракорпорального лікування (плазмаферез, гемосорбцію, гемодіаліз), лікування токсичної енцефалополірадикулоневропатії, нейропатичного больового синдрому та токсичного ураження печінки і нирок при ранньому і відтермінованому встановленні діагнозу. Визначено послідовність появи основних симптомів інтоксикації за низьких і високих доз Tl+, що дозволяє припустити отруєння даним токсикантом. Ключові слова: талій, гострі отруєння, комплексна терапія.

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Object . Analysis of pesticide regulations documents and scientific works regarding processed agricultural products. Results. The principles to establish maximum residue levels (MRLs) for active ingredients of pesticides in raw agricultural commodities (RACs) and processed products are currently available in the European Union and Ukraine and are provided by the WHO Commission “Codex Alimentarius” and the Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) were reviewed. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) project with the overall objective is to develop a database of validated processing factors based on the residue definitions for enforcement, which is compatible with the EFSA food classification and description system was outlined. The European Association of Plant Producers of the EU Vegetable Oil and Proteinmeal Industry (FEDIOL) position on pesticide MRLs in vegetable oils and fats were described. This concept has identified two main elements allowing to give an indication of the fat solubility of an substances. In particular, variants of interpretation of the octanol/water partition coefficient (log Pow) were analyzed. It can be used to predict whether the substance is fat - or water-soluble and to provides an estimate of the tendency of a active ingredients of pesticides to bioaccumulate in fat. In the case of vegetable oils, MRLs can be approximated based on the physico/chemical properties of the pesticides and on the oil content of the raw agricultural commodities (theoretical processing factors from oilseeds seed to oil). Conclusions. The review determines the necessity of improve Ukrainian pesticides regulation procedure and the development of a risk-oriented approach to the selection of priority indicators for the set of MRLs of pesticides in agricultural processed products. Key Words: pesticides, residues, processed products, oilseeds.