Object . Analysis of pesticide regulations documents and scientific works regarding processed agricultural products. Results. The principles to establish maximum residue levels (MRLs) for active ingredients of pesticides in raw agricultural commodities (RACs) and processed products are currently available in the European Union and Ukraine and are provided by the WHO Commission “Codex Alimentarius” and the Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) were reviewed. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) project with the overall objective is to develop a database of validated processing factors based on the residue definitions for enforcement, which is compatible with the EFSA food classification and description system was outlined. The European Association of Plant Producers of the EU Vegetable Oil and Proteinmeal Industry (FEDIOL) position on pesticide MRLs in vegetable oils and fats were described. This concept has identified two main elements allowing to give an indication of the fat solubility of an substances. In particular, variants of interpretation of the octanol/water partition coefficient (log Pow) were analyzed. It can be used to predict whether the substance is fat - or water-soluble and to provides an estimate of the tendency of a active ingredients of pesticides to bioaccumulate in fat. In the case of vegetable oils, MRLs can be approximated based on the physico/chemical properties of the pesticides and on the oil content of the raw agricultural commodities (theoretical processing factors from oilseeds seed to oil). Conclusions. The review determines the necessity of improve Ukrainian pesticides regulation procedure and the development of a risk-oriented approach to the selection of priority indicators for the set of MRLs of pesticides in agricultural processed products. Key Words: pesticides, residues, processed products, oilseeds.
Abstract. Aim. Substantiation of priority indicators for establishing the maximum permissible levels (MPL) for active substances of pesticides in vegetable oils in accordance with modern international requirements and taking into account the peculiarities of their application in agriculture of Ukraine. Results. Based on the analysis of international and existing in Ukraine approaches to the development of MPL for pesticides in processed agricultural raw materials, criteria for assessing the need for research to determine and regulate the residual amounts of active substances of PPP in vegetable oils were suggested. The following main indicators that must be taken into account when normalizing pesticides in oils are substantiated: physicochemical and toxic properties of the active substance, the predicted level of its residual amounts in agricultural raw materials, the impact of technological processing on pesticide content. The principles of calculation of MPL for pesticides in oils of vegetable origin are given based on theoretical processing factors based on the FEDIOL concept, with the values of the partition coefficient between n-octanol and water and oil content in agricultural raw materials (seeds or grains of oilseeds) taken into account. The proposed concept is a basic one and provides for its further refinement and adjustment, in particular in accordance with the results of further studies on the regulation of plant protection products, which are currently relevant in the European Union. Conclusions. Methodological approaches to the establishment of MPLs for pesticides in vegetable oils need to be improved taking into account the international provisions and recommendations, set out in the article, in order to harmonize them and optimize the procedure for exporting plant products containing pesticide residues and introduction into the pesticide regulation system in Ukraine. Key Words: pesticides, residual quantities, norm setting, processed products, oilseeds.
Abstract. The scale and nature of the existing external and internal threats form the directions of international security cooperation for Ukraine, which today focus on a range of topical issues in the field of chemical, biological and radiation safety. Aim. Evaluation of the results of international cooperation of the Scientific Center in the field of chemical safety, in particular in matters related to the identification of controlled and toxic chemical substances. Materials and Methods. The results of the international activity of the Scientific Center in the field of chemical safety for the past 5 years are summarized; cooperation with international donors, representatives of the government of Ukraine, scientists and non-governmental organizations is summarized. Results. A key event in the field of international cooperation was participation in G-7 Regular Meeting within the framework of the Global Partnership (Munich, Germany, 2014), where Ukraine presented about 90 projects in three areas: chemical, biological and physical nuclear safety. The results of the implementation of OSCE Project Coordinator in Ukraine: "Integrated Chemical Safety and Security Program in Ukraine (ICSSP) (2014-2019) and "Enhancing Ukraine's Chemical Emergency Response Capacity) (2020-2021) are highly appreciated. Participation in Project Project 57: Strengthening crime scene forensics capabilities in investigating CBRN incidents in the South East and Eastern Europe Centers of Excellence Region (2018-2020) and "South East and Eastern Europe CBRN Risk Mitigation and Security Governance Program (UNICRI) (2021) had significant scientific and practical results. Conclusions. Participation in the work of international projects is invaluable in shaping the professional worldview of scientists and specialists whose activities belong to the sphere of CBRN security. The joint implementation of international initiatives provides a real opportunity for the operational implementation of new experience in practice, which is reflected in the plans of scientific works, the content of trainings and educational programs for the training of specialists who, according to their professional duties, need modern knowledge in the field of managing the consequences of CBRN threats. Key Words: chemicals, chemical safety, toxicology.
Florpyrauxifen-benzyl is a novel synthetic selective leaf herbicide of the pyridine group with an auxin mechanism of action. The drug Divixton EC (a.i. - florpyrauxifen-benzyl, 25 g/l) is suggestedfor protection of rice crops from weeds. For the state registration for agricultural use in Ukraine and to prevention of toxic impact on human health and quality of environment, risk assessment of the new plant protection product was conducted, and the safety criteria for human health and the environment were substantiated. The allowable daily dose of florpyrauxifen-benzyl for humans at the level of 0.02 mg/kg was substantiated; the hygienic standards for florpyrauxifen-benzyl in rice, working environment, air, water and soil, criteria for the control of the exposureon on workers, regulations for safe use of herbicide Divixton EC in agriculture have been developed. Objective. Toxicological and hygienic assessment of florpyrauxifen-benzyl and Divixton EC drug, substantiationof safety criteria for human health, assessment of the potential impact of florpyrauxifen-benzyl on agricultural workers and the population in case of ground and aerial spraying of the preparation for the protection of rice crops. Methods. Expert-analytical, toxicological, physical, chemical, statistical and hygienic. Results. Based on the parameters of acute toxicity for different routes of exposure, sensitizing properties and irritative effects on the mucous membranes of the eyes and the skin, florpyrauxifen-benzyl and herbicide Divixton EC are classified as moderately hazardous (category 3). Long-term effects (carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and teratogenicity, toxicity for the reproductive function and development) are not limiting criteria for the assessment of florpyrauxifen-benzyl hazard. Approved in Ukraine allowable of florpyrauxifen-ben-zyl for humans is 0.02 mg/kg. As a result of field tests conducted in Ukraine, it was found that the value of occupational risk due to inhalation and through the skin in the course of ground and aerial application of florpyrauxifen-benzyl did not exceed the accepted level, sanitary protection zones ensure the safety of herbicide application for the population and environmental objects; no residues of florpyrauxifen-benzyl were detected during the harvesting of in rice grain and rice paddy. Conclusion. Application of herbicide Divixton EC for rice protectionin accordance with agricultural and hygiene rules and regulations will not result in contamination of agricultural products and environmental objects and will be safe for population and agricultural workers. Key Words: herbicide, florpyrauxifen-benzyl, toxicological characteristics, hazard assessment, hygiene standards and regulations.
Aim. The search for ways to create hepatoprotective food additives based on biologically active substances of plant origin and bee honey is an important area of research in the field of biology and medicine. Materials and Methods. The material for the research was bees of Ukrainian breed (Apis mellifera sossimai). The process of enriching the natural properties of natural honey was carried out in a natural way through the bee family by feeding colonies of bees with a special composition of natural origin components based on Avéna satíva and Silibum marianum. Sieve honey with monofloral honey from white acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia) 55.0–55.0% was used for feeding of the bee families. The first research group was exclusively fed honey water (control). For the second and third experimental groups, Avena Sativa and Milk Thistle Dry Extract were introduced into the main feed, respectively. Preparation of honey water was carried out on distilled water. Each group of bee families was evaluated according to the complex of biological and economic-useful features during the whole study period. The concentrations of active substances in the obtained batches of honey were determined. Ferulic acid was chosen as the active substance for oat, sum of Silibinin A and Silibinin B for milk thistle. The mass concentration of ferulic acid was measured according to European Standards EN 15662:2008 using Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry following acetonitrile extraction/partitioning and clean-up by dispersive solid phase extraction (Quechers) method. The limits of quantitation of ferulic acid and sum of Silibinin A and Silibinin B were 0.02 mg/kg. The high content (83.3±0.4 mg/kg) of Silibinin flavonoids (A and B), Isosilibin (A and B), Silichristin A, etc. in honey persists. Instead, ferulic acid precipitated in fairly low concentrations of honey (1.13±0.02 mg/kg). Conclusions. The obtained results indicate that the extract of milk thistle is promising for the creation of enriched natural honey with hepatoprotective properties, as the biologically active components of this plant have characteristics that allow to obtain the final product with a high content of active substances. Key Words: honeybee, biological active substances, hepatoprotectors.
RESUME. A comparative analysis of domestic and international research methodology and assessment in relation to the impact of plant protection products (PPP) on agricultural workers and the population shows that the existing methodological approaches in Ukraine need improvement. This concerns the principles of organization, definition of the research purpose and objectives, conducting measurements, ensuring the reliability of the results and substantiating the impact assessment criteria. The areas of improvement should correspond to the domestic theoretical foundations of hygienic regulation and modern approaches to the study and assessment of PPP in the EU. Aim. To substantiate the approaches to creating a methodology for studying and assessing the impact of PPP on operators, workers, outsiders and residents, harmonized with international requirements. Materials and Methods. A scientific analysis of legal acts regulating the field of registration of PPP, regulatory and methodical documents in force in Ukraine and the EU, regulating the organization of research, measurement, assessment and management of the impact of PPP on agricultural workers and the population during and after the use of these means was carried out. The directions for improving the methodology are outlined and research tasks are formulated to create a system of definitions, rules, principles and operations that meet the common goals and tasks of studying, assessing and managing the risk of exposure to hazardous substances on operators, workers, outsiders and residents in Ukraine and the EU. Results. The proposed methodology defines: the purpose and tasks of the research; the concept of influence; evaluation criterion – the maximum permissible level of exposure by inhalation and dermal route (mg active substance (AS)/kg body weight/day) and values derived from it – the controlled concentration in the air of the breathing zone and the working area (mg AS/m3), the controlled concentration in air of populated places (mg AS/m3); people who are subject to protection for a certain duration of exposure; task, object and subject of research; requirements for analytical methods of monitoring safety limits for inhalation and dermal exposure; peculiarities of planning field studies for the purpose of PPP registration and supervision after registration. Conclusions. The use of the proposed system of definitions, rules, principles and criteria can ensure compliance of studies with international requirements for the study and assessment of the PPP impact on operators, workers, outsiders and residents. The directions for further improvement of the research methodology and assessment of PPP inhalation and dermal effects are outlined. Key Words: plant protection products, research methodology, inhalation and dermal exposure, assessment criterion, control of safety limits.
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