The most important prerequisite for achieving the main goal of the country’s agro-industrial complex ensuring its food security and efficient agricultural production is the optimal location of its individual industries and production facilities by territorial units. The urgency of increasing the efficiency of agricultural production in general, and grain production in particular, has increased with Russia’s accession to the World Trade Organization. The purpose of the study is to develop scientifically grounded proposals and practical recommendations to improve the efficiency of grain production location in the Republic of Tatarstan. The study’s objectives: to reveal the economic essence of agricultural production location taking into account the main principles and influence of the main factors; to assess the current state of grain crop production location in the region; to develop the directions of grain production development at macroand micro-economic levels. Abstractological, statistical-economic, calculation and balance methods of research were used in the work. In the article the criteria and indexes of level and efficiency of production placement are offered; the condition and tendencies of development of grain crops placement are analyzed; methodical approaches and project decisions on perfection of grain crops placement on the regional level are grounded. The practical significance of the obtained research results lies in the fact that the developed measures contribute to the substantiation of optimal parameters of grain crop production location in the Republic of Tatarstan in the context of its natural and economic zones and municipal administrative districts.
The article discusses the concept of digitalization of agriculture which should significantly change the face of the industry. In addition to increasing production efficiency and revenues, the authors propose attracting new employees and creating high-tech industries. Over time, this will allow establishing interaction with digitalization programs in other sectors, in particular with logistics, and creating platforms to support such integrated digital solutions that will popularize domestic products actively introduced into agriculture. One of the significant challenges facing implementation is its substantial demand for staff with relevant digital knowledge. Moreover, if financial injections help remove technical and technological obstacles to digitalization, then staffing the expected changes, especially on the planned scale, will require not only material support but also active organizational and methodological work. The international component may be the most important aspect of upgrading agricultural education in Russia. Over the past decade, some steps have been taken to meaningfully modernize vocational education, improve its quality and integrate Russian education into the international educational space. Despite the undeniable benefits, farmers are faced with the problems of integrating new systems into existing business processes, the lack of a comprehensive solution to their automation, the lack of staff competent in modern IT technologies. Addressing these issues will enable the transition of agriculture to the digital economy at an accelerated pace.
The article analyzes the issues of food security of the Russian Federation: the assessment of food security is carried out; The main indicators used were the achievement of threshold values of indicators of food independence, economic and physical accessibility of food and the compliance of food products with the requirements of the legislation of the Eurasian Economic Union on technical regulation. Conclusions are made that the structure of consumption does not correspond to scientifically grounded nutritional standards; the required level of consumption is not reached for such types of food as fruits, milk, vegetables; Russia's population spends less than one third of its own income on food, which indicates an average level of food availability. In recent years, high results of economic activity have been achieved in certain sectors of agriculture, however, there are also significant reserves for ensuring a more sustainable development of the agricultural sector in Russia, and, accordingly, ensuring food security.
Assessment, as an integral part of the management process, it is the most effective system for the certification of the organization personnel. This procedure helps in determining the qualification and level of knowledge of employees, assess their abilities, moral and business skills. Each employee in the performance of his duties must use rational methods and modern technical means to ensure effective organization of production. The purpose of the article is substantiation of theoretical principles and development of practical recommendations for improving the procedure for assessing an agricultural organization personnel. The objectives of the research are: study of theoretical aspects and methodological tools, identification of the stages, and development of documentary support for the personnel assessment system. Such methods as the analysis of scientific and theoretical sources, the systematic approach, the method of comparative analysis, and generalization were used in the process of writing the article. The paper presents recommendations for the development of an effective certification system and its documentary support in agricultural organizations perfectly meeting the goals of the organization under study as well as its needs and the organizational culture developed in it.
The agriculture of the Russian Federation is an important part of the national economy, the basis for ensuring the country’s food security. The development of agriculture is influenced by both internal factors (climate, economy, labor resources, state support for the industry, etc.) and external factors (sanctions from unfriendly countries, world market prices, etc.). The importance of increasing the competitiveness of the Russian agricultural industry in the international market has increased with the launch of a special military operation in 2022, as it has faced new challenges. As a result of large-scale political pressure from unfriendly states, the country was cut off from imports of equipment, spare parts, technologies and seeds necessary for the agro-industrial sector, supply chains were disrupted, prices for imported goods increased, and problems arose with exports. Despite these difficulties, Russian agriculture, despite the decline in crop production, due to the growth of indicators in dairy and meat animal husbandry, shows a steady increase in total production. So, in comparison with 2017, the volume of milk production by 2021 increased by 7%, and meat of all types - by 10%. The level of self-sufficiency of the Russian Federation in 2021 exceeded the threshold levels of the Food Security Doctrine for the production of grain, sugar, meat and meat products; below the threshold level was the production of potatoes, milk and dairy products, vegetables and gourds, fruits and berries. Also, a positive moment in the development of the agricultural sector is the increase in the volume of exports of the industry’s products both in kind and in monetary terms, the structure of exports has improved, where there are more and more products of processed agricultural raw materials. However, at present, the sanctions of unfriendly countries have a negative impact on the development of agriculture in the Russian Federation and on its competitiveness in the international market. To solve the problems of the industry, it is necessary to strengthen state support for agricultural producers, aimed at increasing investment and innovation activity in the industry, developing import substitution (creating new industries) and ensuring food security.
This paper describes the key points in the development of a digital platform for the agrarian economy of Russia. The main problems of transition of the Russian economy to a digital format of work, development, expansion of digital literacy, ways of solving the problems of digitalization of agricultural production are revealed. The creation of complex digital models of production processes in agriculture will increase the productivity of the business of agricultural producers. This requires generally valid agricultural production management systems with hundreds of parameters and analysis of big data, which includes the formation and algorithmization of management: equipment, devices, things, processes, money supply. Each platform is built on the management of the processes of crop production, livestock production, logistics of supply and sale. The basis of the digital platform which is being created as a knowledge platform that reflects the availability of professional staff in creating the necessary programs and providing farms with new IT opportunities to increase productivity. Thus, according to our research, improvement of digital infrastructure can be attributed to the main directions of development of digital technologies in the agricultural sector; updating the human resources of citizens by reducing the digital divide; orientation towards the use of domestic scientific and technical developments; development of domestic technologies correlated with scientific developments. A comprehensive scientific and technical program should also include a training system for the development and functioning of digital agriculture, and this requires the modernization of the entire educational process in agricultural educational institutions.
Energy and energy supply development determines the rate of production intensification, including agricultural production. The current state of rural power supply is characterized by a high degree of deterioration of electrical equipment, long distance overhead power lines, low reliability of low-voltage electrical networks, and a higher accident rate. With an aim of ensuring food security and export orientation of the industry for the next 5 years, it is necessary to implement a set of measures to improve the efficiency of energy supply to agricultural production. This task will be hampered by a constant rise in prices and tariffs for energy resources. Thus, over the last 20 years, energy costs have increased from 3-5 % to 30-40 % in agricultural production. The specific capital investment (per 1 kW of power) and the cost of 1 kWh of electricity were reported to depend on a type of local energy source and its capacity. The paper proposes a method for marking out the economic boundaries of the effective use of local power supply arrangements to replace a standard central station. A power gen-set supplying energy to an agricultural holding is capable of operating in two modes subsequent upon utility (central station) electricity – autonomous and parallel. The authors compared the cost of electrical and thermal energy produced by the power gen-set and tariffs for these types of energy. Calculations have shown that it is advisable for an agricultural holding to have a local power supply system being a power gen-set based on gas engine-generators.
Relevance. The grain market is one of the key sectors of the agro-industrial complex and is important for the development of the entire economy of the country. In Russia, there are many problems associated with pricing in the grain market, including the uneven distribution of agricultural producers across the country and an underdeveloped infrastructure for storing and transporting grain. Thus, this article is relevant and relevant for modern business conditions.Methods. General scientific and special research methods are presented, including a descriptive method (generalization techniques, observations, interpretation, comparison, etc.), methods of pricing analysis and forecasting grain prices, as well as recommendations for optimizing pricing in the grain market.Results. As a result of the analysis of the peculiarities of pricing in the grain market, the following results were obtained: yield is one of the main factors affecting the price of grain, insufficient gross grain harvest leads to a shortage of products on the market and an increase in prices; supply and demand also have a significant impact on the price of grain; with the devaluation of the national currency, grain prices may rise; when due to the unfavorable price environment for grain transportation, the price of products will also increase. The price of grain is a key factor for all market participants, so it is necessary to monitor changes in the market and adapt to them. To ensure the stability and profitability of the business, it is necessary to take into account all factors affecting the price of grain and make effective decisions based on the analysis of the market situation.
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