Introduction. The article is devoted to schoolchildren physical health signs in Nizhniy Novgorod schools of different physical education level. Material and methods. The morphofunctional signs of 3045 children in 8 schools have been studied using anthropometry and functional tests during a medical examination. The method of integral indices rating from 0 to 1 has been used for assessment of physical health level. Results. The physical health (PH) has been estimated by morphofunctional signs and tolerance to physical load. Every eighth child (12,8 %) is characterized by low and below the average level of PH. A third of children (34,3%) has average level PH, 41,2% has above the average level of PH, only 11,7% - high level of PH. Physical health is increased in schoolchildren with high and above the average level of PH to senior age group. It makes up more than 75% of boys and 65% girls in 3rd stage of education. The relationship between physical education and physical health is shown. Schoolchildren’s physical health is more in two times in schools with an integration of modern forms of physical activity and maintenance of all hygienic requirements in comparison with schools using traditional physical education under physical standards and uniformity. Conclusion. The given results are the scientific background for the inclusion of additional organizational-methodical forms and technologies of physical education to increase the schoolchildren’s physical activity, physical health, and adaptation reserves.
исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки Конфликт интересов: авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов Аннотация Введение. При оценке физического развития детей и подростков в настоящее время необходим единый подход, что позволит своевременно решать проблемы лечебной и профилактической работы, а также трудовой и спортивной ориентации в детских организованных коллективах. Цель исследования. Определить наиболее актуальные методы изучения и оценки роста и развития детей и подростков для определения направления секулярного тренда на современном этапе развития общества. Материал и методы исследования. Был проведен аналитический обзор опубликованных не ранее 2011 г. научных работ российских и зарубежных авторов. В результате исследования выявлены основные тенденции физического развития детей и подростков в настоящее время, систематизированы методы оценки и обозначены направления дальнейшей разработки темы. В заключении определены перспективы развития темы: поиск и внедрение эффективных и информативных методов диагностики нарушений здоровья, профилактики и коррекции отклонений физического развития, моделирование возможных изменений в биологии человека.
Introduction. The information content of the used bioclimatic indices of comfort/discomfort is different. Goal is an assessment of the significance of bioclimatic indices in characterizing the risk to public health in the territories of the climatic zones of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Materials and methods. In the subarctic and continental climates, the risk of body cooling and frostbite in exposed areas of the body was assessed. By temperature, wind speed and relative humidity for 2010-2019. The integral indicator of cooling conditions, wind-cold index, effective temperature and equivalent effective temperature were calculated. Results. According to the integral indicator of the conditions for cooling the body in the subarctic climate, the risk to health for 8, in the continental climate - 6-7 months, according to the wind-cold index - 6-7 and 4 months. In terms of effective temperature, there was no risk in both climates for 10 and 12 months. The equivalent effective temperature determined the risk of frostbite within 5 and 2 months. The integral indicator of the cooling conditions of the body shows the risk to human health in terms of the permissible degree of cooling and the rate of normalization of the thermal state; equivalent effective temperature - about the risk of cooling with insufficient thermal protection of the body, which determines the period of health risk according to the criterion up to 11-10 months in every climate zone. Limitations. Assessment of the impact of weather factors shows the need to use bioclimatic indices that most fully reflect the negative impact of a cold environment; the definition of the adequacy of the habitat is determined not only by the risk of frostbite, but also by the discomfort of the environment, which requires the use of means of warming the body. Two-parameter indices do not take into account the role of air humidity. Conclusion. The definition of cold indices depends on the climatic zone. The integral indicator of body cooling conditions is more informative in relation to the wind-cold index, which is preferable in practical use. Equivalent effective temperature determines the risk of frostbite and cooling of the body. Its use in climatic zones with a predominance of low temperatures is of social and hygienic significance.
Comparative analysis of the incidence was conducted for the leading classes – “Respiratory diseases” and “Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue” – among cadets of two military schools studying in the same climatic region. General features in prevalence, indicators, structure, trends by years of study, and general features in the seasonality of increase in annual incidence are revealed. Role of the influence of synergistic risk factors for health is determined.
We estimated the hemograms indices of the schoolstudents’ blood enrolled a high military educational institution. By cryogenic technology produced products from protein-vegetable (first) or vegetable raw materials (second) were introduced into the diet of the two main groups. The comparison group was the third one. The blood samples study was performed three times: in the initial state, after taking the product and after 30 days of observation. The average red blood cell volume increased in all examined patients indicating a compensatory reaction of the body to the load, the growth one was less significant in the main groups. The average hemoglobin content in the red blood cell in the first group did not change by stages of observation, in the second and third groups it was decreased by the end of observation. The average hemoglobin concentration decreased, it was less in the main groups. We noted an increase in the number of lymphocytes by 20.7 %, (p = 0.0001) and an increase in the indicator of a mixture from monocytes, basophils, eosinophils when taking the first product. An increase in the number of lymphocytes was noted in the second and third groups only by the end of the observation. The relative lymphocytes content when taking the first product was more significant in the second and third stages of observation than in the initial state; in the second one it was by the end of the observation. The relative neutrophils content in the first group decreased by the end of reception, in the second one it was by the end of observation; in the comparison group remained unchanged. The average platelets volume have been decreased in the first and control groups by the end of the observation and in the second group by the end of taking the product. The relative width of the platelets distribution by volume and the coefficient of large platelets have been decreased in individuals of the group, which may have a positive effect on blood clotting. Thus, the influence of adaptation factors in the main groups was less significant than in the comparison group.
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