Introduction. The information content of the used bioclimatic indices of comfort/discomfort is different. Goal is an assessment of the significance of bioclimatic indices in characterizing the risk to public health in the territories of the climatic zones of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Materials and methods. In the subarctic and continental climates, the risk of body cooling and frostbite in exposed areas of the body was assessed. By temperature, wind speed and relative humidity for 2010-2019. The integral indicator of cooling conditions, wind-cold index, effective temperature and equivalent effective temperature were calculated. Results. According to the integral indicator of the conditions for cooling the body in the subarctic climate, the risk to health for 8, in the continental climate - 6-7 months, according to the wind-cold index - 6-7 and 4 months. In terms of effective temperature, there was no risk in both climates for 10 and 12 months. The equivalent effective temperature determined the risk of frostbite within 5 and 2 months. The integral indicator of the cooling conditions of the body shows the risk to human health in terms of the permissible degree of cooling and the rate of normalization of the thermal state; equivalent effective temperature - about the risk of cooling with insufficient thermal protection of the body, which determines the period of health risk according to the criterion up to 11-10 months in every climate zone. Limitations. Assessment of the impact of weather factors shows the need to use bioclimatic indices that most fully reflect the negative impact of a cold environment; the definition of the adequacy of the habitat is determined not only by the risk of frostbite, but also by the discomfort of the environment, which requires the use of means of warming the body. Two-parameter indices do not take into account the role of air humidity. Conclusion. The definition of cold indices depends on the climatic zone. The integral indicator of body cooling conditions is more informative in relation to the wind-cold index, which is preferable in practical use. Equivalent effective temperature determines the risk of frostbite and cooling of the body. Its use in climatic zones with a predominance of low temperatures is of social and hygienic significance.
Introduction. The cardiovascular system is an integral indicator of the body’s adaptive responses. Goal is a comparative analysis of the function of the cardiovascular system (CVS) in persons with different nutritional status, working on a rotational basis. Materials and methods. Two groups of healthy men were observed: those with normal nutritional status (NNS, n = 14) and those with increased body weight (IBW, n = 13). Working conditions were evaluated according to the degree of harmfulness and danger. The examination was carried out twice: before the start and after 2 months. after shift work. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate (HR) were measured. The Robinson index, endurance coefficient, vegetative Kerdo index, and circulatory efficiency coefficient were calculated. Results. Working conditions were characterized by work at night in an open area, irregularity of shifts, unregulated breaks for rest, the influence of noise and vibration. In the initial state, body weight in NNS individuals was 74.1±1.1 kg versus 91.8±2.7 kg (p=0.001) in IBW persons; HR – 60.0±2.3 versus 73.1±2.0 (p=0.001). After shift work, body weight decreased by 22.2% and 50.0% in persons in the comparison groups. Integral indicators indicated a more negative response of the cardiovascular system to working conditions in IBW people: less resistance to stress (eurance coefficient), lower performance (efficiency ratio of blood circulation), a higher level of hemodynamic load (Robinson index), in NNS people there were dominated by parasympathetic influences, 33.3% of IBW persons had sympathetic influences. Limitations. Healthy males working on a rotational basis, with a normal nutritional status and with overweight and obesity. Conclusion. Overweight and obesity negatively affect the cardiovascular system, reducing the functional reserves of the body. Under unfavourable working conditions, the changes are also more pronounced than in the group of people with a normal nutritional status.
Inadequate ultraviolet insolation is one of the the key prerequisites for the pathogenesis of body's vitamin D insufficiency in the North. The study was aimed to assess the body's vitamin D, calcium and phosphorus sufficiency in the contract servicemen deployed in Arctic. The contract servicemen deployed on the Cape Chelyuskin and Dixon Island were surveyed (n = 51). The serum levels of 25(OH)D, the intermediate of the vitamin D conversion, along with the ionized calcium, total calcium, and inorganic phosphorus levels, were determined in June. Three degrees of the vitamin D sufficiency were revealed in the military, who had been deployed in Arctic for 5.9 ± 0.4 years: deficiency (in 29.4%), insufficiency (in 52.9%), and optimal levels (in 17.7%). However, the optimal levels revealed were close to the lower limit of normal range. Low ionized calcium levels were found in 29.4% of blood samples (15.5 ± 0.6 ng/mL). A total of 70.6% of samples that were within normal range were close to the lower limit of normal range based on Q25 (1.16 mmol/L) and were within the lower half of normal range (1.15–1.35 ng/mL) based on Q75 (1.22 mmol/L). The measured total calcium and inorganic phosphorus levels were close to the lower limits of reference ranges (2.29 ± 0.009 and 0.83 ± 0.006 mmol/L, respectively). In general, the reduced ionized calcium levels associated with vitamin D insufficiency were revealed, which were indicative of impaired calcium metabolism. The vitamin D deficiency results from the total calcium and inorganic phosphorus concentrations that are close to lower limits of reference ranges. Further negative changes in the body's vitamin D, phosphorus and calcium sufficiency should be expected during polar night. The study actualizes the year-round replenishement of the vitamin D and mineral deficiency in the military.
Bioclimatic comfort, anthropogenic load, conditions and nature of the labor process, lifestyle are among the main factors of the environment and professional activities of people. Purpose - to assess the incidence of persons of an organized team in the ecological and hygienic conditions of the city of Krasnoyarsk. Object - prevalence, primary incidence for the period 2016-2021. The state of anthropogenic pollution of the city territory was judged according to official sources. Assessed the working conditions and the nature of the labor process. The chemical load defines Krasnoyarsk as one of the leaders in the total morbidity of the region and as a risk area in the region in terms of morbidity exceeding the average. Uncomfortable living environment is noted for 9-10 months. The work of the observation group according to the degree of harmfulness and danger - class 3.3. In the structure of work, 80% of the time is mental [intellectual loads (3.2), emotional loads (3.2), work schedule (3.2)], physical activities, periodic long business trips with high emotional and physical stress. In the lifestyle of eating disorders, drinking alcohol, smoking. The prevalence of diseases was 1.6 times higher than in the adult population of Krasnoyarsk and (or) the region: a significant excess of 1.35-4.8 times in 6 classes and lower values of 1.2 times in 2 classes of diseases. In the primary morbidity, the leading pathologies were respiratory, genitourinary, musculoskeletal, trauma and poisoning (including the consequences of external causes), hearing aid, the share of which in the structure reached 80.3%. With the exception of the pathology of the hearing aid, it reflected the incidence of the adult population of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, as well as the dynamics of long-term morbidity. The peculiarities of morbidity in a cohort of an organized team are determined by their initial state of health, conditions of professional activity and lifestyle. The need to assess the health risk of the influence of synergistic factors of habitability of the population is actualized, taking into account the characteristics of professional activity and lifestyle.
A comparative analysis of the state of non-specific resistance of the body in military personnel serving under a contract, divided into groups according to the principle of work probation (with different duration of professional activity in the Arctic): up to 5 (n = 21) and up to 10 years (n = 30) years, by leukocyte index. According to the leukogram, leukocyte indices (ratios) were calculated: neutrophils/lymphocytes (NIL), lymphocytes/neutrophils (LI), lymphocytes/monocytes (ILM), neutrophils/monocytes (NIL), lymphocytes/eosinophils (ISLE), monocytes/lymphocytes (ML), lymphocytes/to the percentage of segmented neutrophils (IG), the sum of eosinophils and lymphocytes/monocytes — immunoreactivity of the organism (IIR). We established the presence of statistically significant differences in 5 indices out of 9 determined. ISLM in group No. 2 was higher by 7.0 %, ISMI — by 7.8 %, ISLE — by 29.6 %, IIR — by 4.2 %. According to the indicators of IG, MLI, IIR, the level of immune defense of the body of military personnel was within the normal range. The conditions of activity in the Arctic had a negative impact on the humoral and cellular immunity (LI), phagocytic activity of cells (CMI). Leukocyte indices (ISLM, ISNL, ISLE, IIR) testified that in persons with a longer period of professional activity, the level of adaptation of the organism to extreme living conditions is higher. Leukocyte indices revealed the features of the state of the protective functions of the body of military personnel during work in the Arctic, they are informative. Carrying out blood tests, in terms of assessing leukograms in extreme conditions, allows you to use these studies in the form of express methods.
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