The biochemical blood parameters characterizing the students ’nutritional status were evaluated: protein, lipid, carbohydrate metabolism, a number of minerals. The mean values, errors of the mean, median (Me), boundary (Q) and the range of 25–75 percentiles were determined. In 9.1 % of students and 28.6 % of students, the total protein was increased. Creatinine in men was in the upper normal range, in women — at the upper limit of normal, of which 46.2 % was higher than normal. The interval Q25–75 of uric acid in students is determined in the lower normal zone. In 40.0 % of men, decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Q25–75 corresponded to 1.15–1.79), in women — below normal, Q25–75 5 was 1.3–1.5, decreased in 73.3 %. Me and Q25–75 iron were in the lower normal range; 14.1 % of men and 13.2 % of women are below normal. Me sodium and potassium at the level of the lower boundary of the norm, Q25–75 in the lower zone of the norm: in 16.0 % and 15.4 % of students the levels are reduced. Calcium is slightly above the lower limit of the norm, Q25–75–2.1–2.24, indicating an insufficient intake in the whole group; 25.0 % are below normal. The border of the 25th percentile of magnesium is at the level of the lower border of the norm, in 19.2 % it is reduced. 7.2 % lack of chlorine. Phosphorus is normal, but Q25–75 is in the upper zone; 17.9 % increased. Biochemical markers can identify individuals with metabolic disorders of nutrients. Statistical indicators — the median, the boundaries of 25–75 quartiles and their scope characterize the metabolism of macronutrients and minerals in the group and subgroups of students. Laboratory and mathematical methods can provide a basis for identifying the specific causes of these changes. For this, you can use the questionnaire method of studying the nutrition of students, possibly using the developed questionnaires for a specific situation.
Surface water resources of Mordovia Republic characterized by an inconstant output during a year, therefore, underground artesian waters use for household and drinking water supply. In 2009–2015 the quality of drinking water samples taken in 22 districts of Mordovia was unfavorable according to content of fluorine (taken in 13 districts and city of Saransk), iron (taken in 11 districts and city of Saransk), strontium (1 district), iodine was absent in all water samples. The main contaminant was fluorides, their level was up to 1,5–5,2 MAC. The development and scientific substantiation of hygienic actions on group and individual prevention of exposure to elevated concentrations of fluorine as well as iodine deficiency in human body are required.
Introduction. The evaluation of the impact influence of weather and climatic conditions on humans in cold (winter) period was done since there was not the method of evaluation of working conditions according to the degree of harmfulness and danger. Also, the sanitary norms and rules 2.2.4.3359-16 does not contain the method of risk evaluation of the influence of factors upon the human organism. Мaterial and Methods. The authors evaluated the influence of various combinations of ambient temperature and wind speed upon under conditions of IV climatic region in I zone (the Republic of Dagestan - at an altitude of 4 m., 1040 m. and 1661 m above sea level and the Kaliningrad region) according to wind cooling. It was found a possible discomfort sensation at an average speed of winds and temperatures (wind cooling index (WCI) more 763,7 Kcal/m2) as well as overcooling risk in combinations of average temperature and maximum wind speed, an average speed of the wind and the minimum temperature. Maximum wind speeds in combination with minimal temperatures exceeded WCI threshold by 1,25-2,1 times. It should be noted that the studies were conducted under conditions of an increased humidity which had a negative influence upon the human organism, but in combination with the high wind speed and low temperatures, the effect might be more considerable. results. In accordance with the method, in attachment 17 in manual Р 2.2.2006-05, working conditions were classified as harmful. By calculation on indices of the minimal temperature and maximum wind speed, indices of equivalent temperatures reached up to considerable values. Probably, the use of the method does not prove its value. conclusion. The fixing of complex influence (in the cold period) of air velocity, ambient temperature, air humidity and detecting of health risk due to weather and climatic conditions remain a topical theoretical and practical problem.
Нижегородский научно-исследовательский институт гигиены и профпатологии, Нижний Новгород 603950, Российская Федерация Цель исследования. Обосновать способ разработки специальных продуктов для питания спортсменов, оценить эффективность натурального концентрированного пищевого продукта, произведенного по криогенной технологии, в рационе лиц, занимающихся циклическими видами спорта. Материал и методы. Для обоснования способа, позволяющего разрабатывать специальные продукты питания, в рацион спортсменов-гребцов ввели пищевые продукты, произведенные по криогенной технологии. Оценили исходную, после приема в течение 15 дней и еще через 30 дней обеспеченность организма рядом витаминов и минералов. Определили содержание этих нутриентов в использованных продуктах. С помощью оригинальной методики разбиения диапазона доз указанных веществ на зоны с разным числом измеренных значений в каждой формировали таблицу средних частот эффектов, данные которой представлены графически на плоскости «доза -эффект». Массив точек аппроксимировали по методу наименьших квадратов. Это позволило определить потребность витаминов и минералов на 1 кг массы тела. Разработали многокомпо-нентный продукт спортивного питания, ввели в рацион питания пловцов, который принимали от 20 до 27 гр. ежедневно 15 дней. Результаты. На фоне значительных нагрузок показаны достоверные различия по сравнению с группой контроля по влиянию на сердечно-сосу-дистую систему, белковый, липидный обмены, эритропоэз, ферментные системы, витаминно-минеральную насыщенность, динамику масса тела и мышечной силы, спортивные результаты: время заплыва кролем, которое затрачено на преодоление дистанции 100 м у спортсменов основной группы снизилось на 0,442 сек, контрольной -на 0,168 сек; через 30 и 40 дней после его приема -на 0,952-0,506 сек и 1,459-0,786 сек соответственно. Заключение. Использованный подход применим для разработки специальных продуктов питания для спортсменов различных видов спорта. Они влияют на метаболические процессы организма и способствуют повышению спортивных результатов. Ключевые слова: способ разработки продуктов питания для спортсменов, криогенная технология переработки, значительные физические на-грузки, циклические виды спорта, витаминно-минеральная насыщенность, метаболические реакции организма, спортивная результативность. The aim of the research. To substantiate the way of developing special products for the nutrition of athletes, to evaluate the effectiveness of a natural concentrated food product, produced by cryogenic technology in the diet of athlets, involved in cyclic sport. Material and methods. To substantiate the way that allows the development of special food products, in the ration of athletes-rowers were added food products produced by cryogenic technology. Were evaluated the baseline, after taking 15 days and after another 30 days, providing the body with a number of vitamins and minerals. The content of these nutrients in the used products was determined. Using the original technique of dividing the range of doses of these substances in...
The prevalence of diseases of the oral cavity in military personnel serving under the contract at various altitudes above sea level in Dagestan was estimated. The working conditions and the influence of physical environmental factors at the effective temperature in the autumn-winter-spring periods of the year are estimated. Professional activity belonged to the category of works IIb. Labor was assessed as harmful 2 degrees (class 3.2). In the winter season, a critical risk of frostbite of the body at medium temperatures and maximum wind was found at heights of 4 m and 1661 m. In the spring and autumn, a moderate risk of frostbite was noted at all altitudes. Dental diseases were registered in the classes «Neoplasms», «Diseases of the digestive system» and «Injuries and poisoning»; their share in the total structure was 15.03%. In the class «Diseases of the digestive system,» the share of dental diseases reached 80.2%. The group «Caries, its complications and other diseases of hard tissues of teeth» occupied the 1st rank place in the structure of morbidity, which is equal to morbidity in the class «Respiratory diseases». The level of oral hygiene is 2.8 ± 0.2 (very low): the teeth are significantly covered with plaque, leading to the progression of pathological processes. Description of the dental status: KPU index (carious, filled, extracted tooth) is 8.5 ± 0.3. The prevailing indicator was «carious», indicating an active carious process in the tissues of the teeth and the «lag» of the treatment, leading to their removal. Military personnel approached a critical indicator of fitness for professional activity. The need for oral sanitation reached 65.5 ± 7.9%. The share of labor losses for dental diseases of the class «Digestive apparatus diseases» reached 3.2%, excluding separation from duty on the day of treatment, of which there are several. The study proves the impact of adverse working conditions on dental morbidity, the need for their assessment to identify risk factors and develop preventive measures.
The authors analyzed the changes of functional and biochemical indices in young persons engaged in tube-casting plants and exposed to harmful physical and chemical factors. Some indices were deviated from their normal values 10-60 %. Signs of noise exposure to organs of hearing, disorders of hand-arm vibration sensitivity, retina angiopathy. Elevated IgE fraction, high oxidative stress, superoxidismutase activity reduction were revealed. The performed studies show a significance of functional and biochemical indices in young persons engaged in tube-casting plants since the indices reflect a development of preclinical pathologies which could lead to onset of occupational diseases in lack of proper preventive measures.
We estimated the hemograms indices of the schoolstudents’ blood enrolled a high military educational institution. By cryogenic technology produced products from protein-vegetable (first) or vegetable raw materials (second) were introduced into the diet of the two main groups. The comparison group was the third one. The blood samples study was performed three times: in the initial state, after taking the product and after 30 days of observation. The average red blood cell volume increased in all examined patients indicating a compensatory reaction of the body to the load, the growth one was less significant in the main groups. The average hemoglobin content in the red blood cell in the first group did not change by stages of observation, in the second and third groups it was decreased by the end of observation. The average hemoglobin concentration decreased, it was less in the main groups. We noted an increase in the number of lymphocytes by 20.7 %, (p = 0.0001) and an increase in the indicator of a mixture from monocytes, basophils, eosinophils when taking the first product. An increase in the number of lymphocytes was noted in the second and third groups only by the end of the observation. The relative lymphocytes content when taking the first product was more significant in the second and third stages of observation than in the initial state; in the second one it was by the end of the observation. The relative neutrophils content in the first group decreased by the end of reception, in the second one it was by the end of observation; in the comparison group remained unchanged. The average platelets volume have been decreased in the first and control groups by the end of the observation and in the second group by the end of taking the product. The relative width of the platelets distribution by volume and the coefficient of large platelets have been decreased in individuals of the group, which may have a positive effect on blood clotting. Thus, the influence of adaptation factors in the main groups was less significant than in the comparison group.
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