Etiology of respiratory virus infections among 1699 hospitalized patients (HP) was determined by PCR during the period of increased influenza activity in 2012 - 2013 season. The rate of accidence of influenza virus in dependence of gender, age, social and demographic factors and previous vaccination was analysed. Young children dominated in the age structure of HP, while the elderly were hospitalized very rarely. According to results obtained rate of influenza detection in HP was significantly higher among adults in comparison with children (63,5 and 30,7% of investigated patients, correspondingly). Respiratory syncytial virus and rhinoviruses were detected the most regularly (8.7 and 3.1%, correspondingly) in children, parainfluenza and adenoviruses were registered rarely (1.4 and 2.1%, correspondingly). Rate of detection of coronaviruses and bocavirus was low and varied in the range 0.3 - 0.6%. Indicated above ARI agents among hospitalized adults were detected rarely (0 - 1.5%) with exception of RSV which was detected among elderly (75 - 84 years) in 5.9% cases. No metapneumovirus cases were detected among HP in indicated period. Although males dominated (58%) among HP influenza cases, regardless of the type/subtype, were registered more frequently among girls in comparison with the boys of the same age groups. Influenza cases were registered more frequenly as well among smoking than in not smoking patients. Young children dominated in the age structure of HP, while the elderly were hospitalized very rarely.
2 ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Санкт-Петербург, РоссияПредставлены результаты клинико-лабораторного исследования динамики показателей иммунного ответа у 199 детей в воз-расте от 1 года до 14 лет при верифицированном гриппе в зависимости от типа иммунного ответа на фоне применения препа-рата рекомбинантного интерферона (IFN) альфа-2b (Гриппферон ® , капли назальные) (100 человек получали препарат, 99, получавшие патогенетически направленную терапию, вошли в состав группы сравнения). Тип иммунного ответа определяли на основании предложенных авторами коэффициентов поляризации (КП) КП1 = IL-4/IFN- и КП2 = IL-10/IFN-, полученных при расчете соотношения содержания в сыворотке крови цитокинов IL-4 к IFN- и IL-10 к IFN-, ответственных за преимуществен-ный тип иммунного ответа на внедрение антигена. Установлена хорошая лечебная эффективность интраназального примене-ния препарата рекомбинантного интерферона альфа-2b в комплексной терапии гриппа у детей как при Th1, так и при Th2 типе иммунного ответа, что позволяет рекомендовать его применение у детей, независимо от типа иммунного ответа. Ключевые слова: грипп, дети, тип иммунного ответа, интерферон, цитокины
Т. Н. Рыбалкина и др. Значение герпесвирусов в этиологии ряда инфекционных и соматических заболеваний детей T.M., Guseva N.A. The results of long-term study of herpesvirus infection in the Department of Infectious Diseases in children RNIMU. Detskie Infektsii=Children's infections. 2017, 16 (2): 5-12.
The expansion and standardization of clinical trials, as well as the use of sensitive and specific molecular diagnostics methods, provide new information on the age-specific roles of influenza and other respiratory viruses in development of severe acute respiratory infections (SARI). Here, we present the results of the multicenter hospital-based study aimed to detect age-specific impact of influenza and other respiratory viruses (ORV). The 2018–2019 influenza season in Russia was characterized by co-circulation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) virus subtypes which were detected among hospitalized patients with SARI in 19.3% and 16.4%, respectively. RSV dominated among ORV (15.1% of total cases and 26.8% in infants aged ≤ 2 years). The most significant SARI agents in intensive care units were RSV and influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus, (37.3% and 25.4%, respectively, of PCR-positive cases). Hyperthermia was the most frequently registered symptom for influenza cases. In contrast, hypoxia, decreased blood O2 concentration, and dyspnea were registered more often in RSV, rhinovirus, and metapneumovirus infection in young children. Influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) against hospitalization of patients with PCR-confirmed influenza was evaluated using test-negative case–control design. IVE for children and adults was estimated to be 57.0% and 62.0%, respectively. Subtype specific IVE was higher against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, compared to influenza A(H3N2) (60.3% and 45.8%, respectively). This correlates with delayed antigenic drift of the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus and genetic heterogeneity of the influenza A(H3N2) population. These studies demonstrate the need to improve seasonal influenza prevention and control in all countries as states by the WHO Global Influenza Strategy for 2019–2030 initiative.
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