The article provides a list and details the content of tasks solved within the forensic land survey and construction examinations assigned during trials on land disputes. Said tasks are classified by the type of conducted research. The work of a forensic expert in a case begins with the establishment of presence (absence) of the object of examination (the existential task). At first, the presence of title, legal, and other documents for the disputed land and buildings (structures) located on it is established. In the absence of certain documents necessary for the study, the expert takes measures to replace them. When conducting field studies, the expert establishes the existence of civil dispute’s objects on the ground. After that, the expert solves the identification task – establishes the identity of these objects with their documentary display. It also should be identified to which specific class, kind, type the object belongs (addressing classification task) – it allows verifying the category of land and the type of permitted use of the disputed land; recognizing the kind, type, and functional purpose of the construction objects located on it. The solution of the attributive task aims at identifying the properties of the objects under examination, which relate to its subject, the content of questions raised by the court before the expert. The solution of the situational task helps to establish the relative position of objects. The expert determines whether there is an intersection of the borders of adjacent plots, sets the distance from construction sites to the boundaries of the land. Particular attention is paid to structures that are sources of negative impact on the neighboring property. The position of the property regarding the zones with special conditions of the use is also to be determined. The purpose of addressing the diagnostic task is to ascertain the condition of the land in terms of possibility to use it for its intended purpose taking into account the type of permitted use and to determine the technical condition of construction objects located on the land plot. The cost task solution aims at determining the market, and other value of the land, the number of costs required to restore the land after being exposed to destructive natural and technogenic factors. The main direction of research when solving the transformative task is to ascertain the possibility and develop options for a real division of the land plot and the construction sites located on it between their owners following the conditions set by the court.
This paper considers issues related to the establishment of the presence and types of causal connections among events, actions, phenomena and processes investigated based on technical forensic construction expertise during the building of judicial cases. The authors, practising forensic experts, disclose the common principles that allow for the development of universal approaches to establishing the causes of accidents in construction; determining the causes of the initiation and progression of destructive processes in the bearing and enclosing structures of raised and operated buildings, structures and constructions; and establishing conditions and circumstances for the given mode of operation failure of engineering maintenance systems of apartment houses, offices and industrial premises. Consistently, the paper presents and gives examples from practice of such causal relationships as ‘immediate’ and ‘direct’; the concept of ‘sufficiency of conditions’ is revealed with respect to the negative consequences that have occurred with the alternative possibility of their occurrence due to the influence of other factors; and the value of the relationship in time of certain actions and a specific event is determined.
The goal of the research is to develop a of Global Navigation Satellite Systems quality monitoring methodology based on available equipment in the satellite navigation laboratory of the National Aviation University (Kyiv, Ukraine). For successful the goal achievement it is necessary to solve follow list of tasks: to determine the composition of the necessary equipment and order of it installing and connection; to develop the necessary software for processing received GNSS data; to estimate the GNSS characteristics with the help of experimental data. The primary focus of this research is on the following characteristics: accuracy (in terms of deviation coordinates in horizontal and vertical planes from the coordinates of the reference station and numerical values in meters); integrity information (summarized in the form of horizontal and Stanford plots); overall availability of service – measured as the availability of signals meeting the requirements for instrumented approaches with vertical guidance (APV) APV-1, APV-2, and Category 1 (CAT-1) precision approaches to runways. The main result of this research is developing software that could be applied for continuous monitoring of GNSS performances. The possibilities of it were successfully tested with the help of experimental data received from GPS and Galileo satellites.
In this paper, the main problems of scheduling screenings for a cinema were considered. The activity of one cinema “X” is described and the restrictions that must be observed and taken into account when planning the schedule of sessions are analyzed. The solution to this problem is due to the complexity and time-consuming planning of the cinema schedule. To achieve this goal, the article analyzes the statistical data obtained in the cinema “X”. An analysis was carried out using the methods of statistical data analysis and predictive factors of movie attendance were identified, regression models of attendance were developed. Based on the developed regression models, statistical estimates of attendance predictive factors were obtained. Taking into account the results obtained, an optimization mathematical model for the formation of a rental schedule has been developed, which makes it possible to increase the box office of a cinema.
The issues of exercising expert’s rights when ordering a forensic examination, entrusting its production to a specific competent person, conducting a study, reflecting its process and the results in the expert’s opinion do not lose their relevance. Basing on the analysis of practice for the appointment and conduct of forensic construction and technical examinations, the authors of the article have examined the organizational and legal problems encountered by an expert when familiarizing himself with the case materials and studying them; applicating for additional materials; involving another expert in the production of an examination, as well as in the exercising other expert’s rights provided by the legislation on forensic examination.The article discusses forensic situations when it is often allowed either an unjustifiably broad interpretation of the provisions of the law in this part, or an unreasonably narrow, and sometimes incorrect, in the authors’ opinion, their interpretation. All this prevents the expert from working efficiently, leads him to procedural errors, which, in turn, makes him vulnerable to reasonable criticism of opponents and creates the preconditions for an investigator or court to evaluate expert’s opinion as a piece of unacceptable evidence. The authors propose ways to overcome these negative trends and related practical issues in forensic construction and technical examination.
Forensic experts’ primary and additional professional education does not include such a subject as logic. At the same time, knowledge of logic is crucial at all stages of the examination process. Filling this gap, the authors of this article reveal the content of the fundamental laws of logic and demonstrate their role in the cognitive activity of knowledgeable persons who implement their specialized (primarily construction and technical) knowledge in court proceedings. This paper deals successively with such laws of logic as the law of identity, the law of contradiction, the law of the excluded middle, the law of sufficient reason, the law of double negation, Clavius’s law, the law of contraposition, and laws of division (the dichotomy of logic) concerning various investigative and forensic situations. The projection of these laws of logic on the intellectual operations performed by experts will allow, from the authors’ point of view, to give the process of forensic examinations greater clarity and consistency, which, ultimately, should ensure an increase in its efficiency and quality of results. Logically verified approaches to work will also reduce time and financial costs.
The article analyzes HR outsourcing market in the Natural resource sector. This industry is profitable, but it is characterized by a lack of staff due to the educational drop of the 1990s - 2000s and the number of young specialists in this sector has not still been restored. The rapid technological development of the Natural resource sector requires constant training of staff, which is hampered by many factors: long operating cycles of deposits without changing technologies, natural outflow of experienced employees due to aging, remoteness of locations, and a pandemic. The research underlines that today recruitment agencies are not able to satisfy the search and selection service for the Natural resource sector. The observed general trend of HR outsourcing towards process management and personnel training is relevant in the Natural resource sector even more than in other industries, especially in the area of personnel training. Thus, there is a certain process of transformation of the education system in this industry. It requires new models of training young personnel and retraining the existing personnel, probably using lifetime learning technologies.
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