The Main Tasks of Forensic Research Conducted in Trials on Land Disputes

Abstract

The article provides a list and details the content of tasks solved within the forensic land survey and construction examinations assigned during trials on land disputes. Said tasks are classified by the type of conducted research. The work of a forensic expert in a case begins with the establishment of presence (absence) of the object of examination (the existential task). At first, the presence of title, legal, and other documents for the disputed land and buildings (structures) located on it is established. In the absence of certain documents necessary for the study, the expert takes measures to replace them. When conducting field studies, the expert establishes the existence of civil dispute’s objects on the ground. After that, the expert solves the identification task – establishes the identity of these objects with their documentary display. It also should be identified to which specific class, kind, type the object belongs (addressing classification task) – it allows verifying the category of land and the type of permitted use of the disputed land; recognizing the kind, type, and functional purpose of the construction objects located on it. The solution of the attributive task aims at identifying the properties of the objects under examination, which relate to its subject, the content of questions raised by the court before the expert. The solution of the situational task helps to establish the relative position of objects. The expert determines whether there is an intersection of the borders of adjacent plots, sets the distance from construction sites to the boundaries of the land. Particular attention is paid to structures that are sources of negative impact on the neighboring property. The position of the property regarding the zones with special conditions of the use is also to be determined. The purpose of addressing the diagnostic task is to ascertain the condition of the land in terms of possibility to use it for its intended purpose taking into account the type of permitted use and to determine the technical condition of construction objects located on the land plot. The cost task solution aims at determining the market, and other value of the land, the number of costs required to restore the land after being exposed to destructive natural and technogenic factors. The main direction of research when solving the transformative task is to ascertain the possibility and develop options for a real division of the land plot and the construction sites located on it between their owners following the conditions set by the court.

Diagnostic Value of Specialist Systems in Sports Knee Injuries

“…To design and implement a distributed expert system, the following problems need to be solved: Function distribution: that is, the functions or tasks of each part of the system decomposed are reasonably and evenly distributed to each processing node Knowledge distribution: according to the function distribution, the knowledge is reasonably divided and distributed to each processing node. On the one hand, the redundancy of knowledge should be reduced as much as possible; on the other hand, the inconsistency of knowledge should be avoided as much as possible [ 20 ] Interface design: the purpose of the interface design of each part is to make it easy for each part to communicate and synchronize with each other. On the premise of ensuring the completion of the overall task, it is necessary to make each part independent as far as possible, and the less the connection between parts, the better System structure: the design of the system structure depends on the environment and nature of the application on the one hand, and the hardware environment on the other hand …”

“…Knowledge distribution: according to the function distribution, the knowledge is reasonably divided and distributed to each processing node. On the one hand, the redundancy of knowledge should be reduced as much as possible; on the other hand, the inconsistency of knowledge should be avoided as much as possible [ 20 ]…”

“…(2) Knowledge distribution: according to the function distribution, the knowledge is reasonably divided and distributed to each processing node. On the one hand, the redundancy of knowledge should be reduced as much as possible; on the other hand, the inconsistency of knowledge should be avoided as much as possible [20] (3) Interface design: the purpose of the interface design of each part is to make it easy for each part to communicate and synchronize with each other. On the premise of ensuring the completion of the overall task, it is necessary to make each part independent as far as possible, and the less the connection between parts, the better (4) System structure: the design of the system structure depends on the environment and nature of the application on the one hand, and the hardware environment on the other hand Distributed artificial intelligence mainly studies how multiple intelligent systems dispersed logically or physically solve problems in parallel and cooperate with each other.…”