The open pit mining of mineral deposits (first of all, the development of coal deposits) is of great importance for the economy of Russia as a whole, as well as for individual regions, including the Kemerovo region -Kuzbass. In 2018, 255.3 million tons of coal were extracted in Kuzbass, of which 165.8 million tons (65%) were produced by open-cast method. There is no reason to believe that the part of coal extracted at open-pit mines will decrease. Taking into account that the Russian Federation Government Decree No. 14-r of January 24, 2012 approved the Long-Term Development Programme for the Coal Industry of Russia until 2030, which includes, among other things, the Subprogramme "Development of Production Potential of Existing Coal Production and Processing Facilities and Development of New Coal Deposits", one of the objectives of which is the introduction of advanced coal production technologies, and the Subprogramme "Ensuring Technological Development of the Industry and Strengthening the Scientific and Technical Base of the Russian Coal Industry", it is safe to say that it is necessary to develop the key areas of this Program, in particular, the development of new and existing technologies and types of equipment aimed at improving the efficiency of coal mining, preparation, processing and integrated use and increasing the added value of coal products. Road transport currently dominates the transportation of overburden and coal at open-pit mines. Its share has been steadily growing since the 1970s. This is due to objective reasons, firstly, rather limited area of application of railroad transport: considerable range of transportation, large cargo turnover and shallow depth of the mine. First, it concerned the depth of the open-pit mines, because when deepening the quarry by one bench it was necessary to extract significant volumes of overburden to ensure the placement of transport berms because of the large radius of curvature of the railway track, which reached 200 m. Therefore, given the fact that the openpit mining had gone to great depths at almost all enterprises, there was a widespread abandonment of rail transport for in-quarry transport in favour of dump trucks. That is why the problem of research and description of key characteristics of quarry transport at open pit coal mining is actual.
It’s known that the use of the automobile vehicles in a quarry for transporting the rock mass is characterized by a cyclic nature and the ability to overcome the slopes of up to 8-12% along the road as well as curves with the radii of at least 20-24 m. However, the disadvantage of this way of transportation of quarry loads is relatively high costs [1]. One of the ways to reduce costs is to implement the software-based operation of the mining dump truck while ensuring energy efficiency and safety. This way implies following the route “mine face – concentrator” when driving with the rock mass and the route “concentrator – mine face” when driving without a cargo along the specified trajectory and at a given driving speed using the information management systems in a quarry and on the board of the mining dump truck controlled by the driver as well as in an unmanned version in case of autonomous driving. The article describes the method to optimize the function “way – speed” and as a result the way to optimize the control of the traction electric motors in a mining dump truck during cyclic movement along the specified trajectory with a fixed time to pass the route in order to ensure energy efficiency and safety when using the method of dynamic programming developed by Richard Bellman.
The complex natural and climatic conditions of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation (AZ of the RF) make it necessary to put forward special requirements for all types of ground equipment used to solve transport problems in this region. At present, the increase in economic costs in the operation of machinery is primarily due to the mismatch of the design of the vehicles used in the climatic zone. A set of measures for land transport that allows to ensure the socio-economic development of the AZ RF.The complex natural and climatic conditions of the AZ of the RF make it necessary to put forward special requirements for all types of ground equipment used to solve transport problems in this region. At present, the increase in economic costs in the operation of machinery is primarily due to the mismatch of the design of the vehicles used in the climatic zone.It should be noted that along with the design problems, the road network of the AZ of the RF is very poorly developed. So, on the territory of 13,9 million square km (80% of the territory of the country), the total length of the public highway network is only 200 thousand km, of which roads with hard cover -81 thousand km, ground 118 thousand km and «winter roads» 7 thousand km. Roads with solid capital coverings, allowing a load on the axis of 10 tons, no more than 8,5 thousand km.These circumstances entail a significant increase in transportation costs in the region, which in turn cause:-Increase in the cost of construction of industrial, power and transportation facilities; -Increasing the cost of mining; -the complication of the delivery of passengers and goods to remote settlements and objects of the national economy.It is obvious that the introduction of new roads in the Arctic zone will lead to improved transport accessibility, and in the long run, to the creation of new jobs, which will be conditioned by the need for the development of an accompanying infrastructure. This is proved, in particular, by the increase of cargo flows in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) after the commissioning of new highways and "winter roads" against the background of a decrease in the volume of traffic by river transport caused by shallowing of rivers.
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