Ensuring Energy Efficiency and Safety of the Cyclic Operation of the Mining Dump Truck

Abstract

It’s known that the use of the automobile vehicles in a quarry for transporting the rock mass is characterized by a cyclic nature and the ability to overcome the slopes of up to 8-12% along the road as well as curves with the radii of at least 20-24 m. However, the disadvantage of this way of transportation of quarry loads is relatively high costs [1]. One of the ways to reduce costs is to implement the software-based operation of the mining dump truck while ensuring energy efficiency and safety. This way implies following the route “mine face – concentrator” when driving with the rock mass and the route “concentrator – mine face” when driving without a cargo along the specified trajectory and at a given driving speed using the information management systems in a quarry and on the board of the mining dump truck controlled by the driver as well as in an unmanned version in case of autonomous driving. The article describes the method to optimize the function “way – speed” and as a result the way to optimize the control of the traction electric motors in a mining dump truck during cyclic movement along the specified trajectory with a fixed time to pass the route in order to ensure energy efficiency and safety when using the method of dynamic programming developed by Richard Bellman.

Algorithm for hydraulic system parameters of a dump truck

“…When designing a dump truck (DT), the parameters and characteristics of the components of the hydraulic system (HS) are to be determined [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. The HS of a modern DT includes many elements, the characteristics of which are interrelated with each other.…”

Sampling of a driving cycle for e-trucks with a mechatronic transmission

“…In the period from 1999 to the present moment, a large number of R&D works concerned with mechatronic transmissions of trucks and buses of various types as well as in the field of electric transport [1][2][3][4][5] have been published. This situation is reflected in Figure 1.…”

The concept of technogenic risks of a mining transport complex as a tool of lowering the level of its ecological load

“…While estimating the probability of impermissible harmful emissions into the atmosphere, in the first instance, the emission data of a mine dump truck, as the main source of harmful emissions, are to be determined [16], [17]. To a first approximation, the emission data of mine dump trucks TKA can be presented as functional FT with a sum vector of original variables in the following form [17], [18] TKA=FT{XD, XA, XG}, (6) where XD is the original vector of variables, determined by engine parameters; XA is the original vector of variables, determined by the design of a dump truck, in general; XG is the original vector of variables, determined by geometric parameters of mining transport communication lines. Original vector XD is determined by engine design features (type, fuel used, capasity, power, combustion chamber features, technical condition, systems of emission reduction, and etc.)…”

“…Original vector XG is determined by geometric parameters of mining transport communication lines (longitudinal gradients, radius of curves, length of tangent level tracks, and etc. ), and it exerts direct influence on the mode of dump truck driving [16], [17], [19], [20]. At a given volume of transportation, the more unstable truck driving becomes, the higher harmful emission is.…”