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Today, spelt wheat grain is used to produce high quality food. Intermediate wheatgrass is a promising crop for prairie restoration. One of the elements of biologization is the influence of growing crops on the microbiota of soil rhizosphere. The microbiota of spelt wheat and intermediate wheatgrass soil rhizosphere remains insufficiently studied. Aim. To study the number of individual groups of microbiota in dynamics in the rhizosphere of cereal crops (spelt wheat, intermediate wheatgrass) depending on the weather conditions and the phase of plants development. Methods. Classical microbiological, statistical methods were used in the work. In particular, the study of the number of microorganisms of different ecological and trophic groups (ammonifying, nitrifying, cellulolytic and nitrogen-fixing) was carried out according to generally accepted methods in soil microbiology. The reliability of the influence of factors was determined by the probability value «р» level which was calculated using STATISTICA 8 program. Results. The amount of ammonifying and cellulolytic microorganisms in the soil rhizosphere of spelt wheat is significantly higher compared to soft wheat. The rhizosphere microbiota amount of the intermediate wheatgrass on the 2–3 year of cultivation was more resistant to adverse environmental factors compared to soft wheat. The soil rhizosphere microbiota did not change a lot depending on the phase of plant development during the vegetation period of cereal crops (spelt wheat, intermediate wheatgrass). Conclusions. The formation of rhizosphere microbiota of spelt wheat and intermediate wheatgrass was first analyzed under the conditions of the Right-Bank forest-steppe of Ukraine. The conducted studies indicate the feasibility of growing and use of spelt wheat in breeding programs to create cultivars of soft wheat with higher activity of rhizosphere microbiota. The number of ammonifying, nitrifying and cellulolytic microorganisms of soil rhizosphere of intermediate wheatgrass was significantly higher compared to soft wheat during all growth stages. The conducted studies confirm the practical application of intermediate wheatgrass to preserve and increase soil fertility. Intermediate wheatgrass can be grown for up to three years in one field, as microbiological activity reaches its maximum development.

доктор сільськогосподарських наук С. Й. ОЛІФІРОВИЧ Подільський державний аграрно-технічний університет В. О. ОЛІФІРОВИЧ, кандидат сільськогосподарських наук Буковинська державна сільськогосподарська дослідна станція НААН В. С. КРАВЧЕНКО, кандидат сільськогосподарських наук Уманський національний університет садівництва Висвітлено питання вирощування різних сортів сої та квасолі звичайної в умовах південної частини Лісостепу західного. З'ясовано ефективність використання мікробіологічних препаратів у технології вирощування зернобобових культур. Визначено, які сорти сої та квасолі звичайної забезпечили найвищу прибавку урожаю зерна від бактеризації насіння. Ключові слова: зернобобові культури, соя, квасоля звичайна, мікробіологічні препарати, урожайність зерна. Вступ. Широкомасштабне застосування екологічно доцільних технологій із використанням мікробних препаратів-важлива перспектива одержання високоякісної конкурентоспроможної сільськогосподарської продукції, збереження родючості ґрунту та навколишнього середовища [1]. Аналіз останніх досліджень і публікацій. Симбіоз бульбочкових бактерій з рослинами вивчається тривалий період. Однак частка біологічного азоту порівняно з азотом мінеральних добрив у сільськогосподарському виробництві залишається недостатньою [2]. Хоча відомо, що бактеріальні препарати можуть бути екологічно чистою альтернативою мінеральним добривам при вирощуванні сої [3]. Важливо відмітити, що за сівби зернобобових у ґрунті, крім бульбочкових бактерій, нагромаджується значна кількість інших видів корисних мікроорганізмів. Перш за все це асоціативні види-Azobacter, Bacillus, Azospirillum, Enterobacter тощо. При взаємодії із

The article is devoted to the research of municipal-legal problems of increasing the efficiency of civil society functioning in Ukraine. The emphasis is on the need to improve and strengthen the legal status of local self-government as the fundamental institution of civil society. The contemporary theory of local self-government as an institution of civil society is considered, its role in ensuring the stability of the constitutional system and the development of constitutionalism in Ukraine is determined. The basic theories of self-government are analyzed, the definition of local self-government as one of the main forms of democracy and the constitutional means of limiting state power in the conditions of formation of civil society is proposed. This approach emphasizes the increasing role of the municipal-territorial factor in the life of civil society. It is connected with the creation of capable territorial communities, confirmation of democratic intentions of national states and their special attention to the inhabitants of certain territories.It is concluded that only realization for long time in the minds of residents - members of territorial communities - of stable anti-theatrical institutions, radical changes in the stereotypes of socio-political behavior of the general population, its self-organization and self-discipline, the formation of patriotic sentiments may in the future become the basis for leveling the conflict between state and public interest, the formation of an optimal balance between public and private, and, therefore, a powerful tool for improving efficiency the organization and functioning of civil society.

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У статті наведено результати експериментальних досліджень, які розв'язують наукову проблему вивчення впливу строків сівби та крупності насіння на інтенсивність цвітіння і формування бобів на рослинах.

The mass of grains from the plant is one of the main features that determines the final productivity of soybeans. In the control (without the use of biological products), the weight of grains from one soybean plant of the Suzirria variety was 10.2 g, of the Danaia variety — 9.8 g, and of the Estafeta variety — only 7.8 g. Seed inoculation with Rhizobophyte and complex use of biological products (Rhizobophyte + Phosphoenterin + Biopolycid) increased the individual productivity of soybean plants. In particular, in the variant with seed treatment with Rhizobophyte, Phosphoenterin and Biopolycid, the weight of grains from one soybean plant of the Estafeta variety increased to 8.2 g, of the Danaia variety to 10.3 g, and of the Suzirria variety to 11.2 g. The lowest number of beans per plant of Bukovynka beans was observed in areas without seed inoculation — 9.6 pcs. Nata beans were characterized by a larger number of beans (10.0 pieces) and grains (41.9 pieces) per plant. Seed inoculation increased the number of beans and seed weight on plants of the studied varieties. Thus, with the use of Rhizoactive on crops of Bukovynka beans, 10.1 beans and 42.3 grain pieces per plant were formed, Nata variety — 10.8 beans and 46.3 grain pieces on one plant. Among the studied varieties in the variant without the use of fertilizers, the higher grain yield was in the Nata bean variety — 2.38 t/ha. The productivity of beans was significantly affected by inoculation of seeds with Rhizobophyte: grain yield of Bukovynka variety increased by 0.09 t/ha or 4 %, Nata variety — by 0.17 t/ha or 7 %. Conclusions. Suzirria soybeans provided the best yield structure. In particular, in the variant with seed treatment with Rhizobophyte, Phosphoenterin and Biopolycid, the weight of grains from one soybean plant of the Suzirria variety was 11.2 g, Danaia variety — 10.3 g, and Estafeta variety — only 8.2 g. Bacterization of seed by biological products contributed to the increase in grain productivity of soybean plants by 3–17 %. Under the conditions of the research, the Nata bean variety was more productive, forming 10.2—10.4 g of grain per plant, which was 0.2—1.2 g more than the Bukovynka bean variety.