The article describes the innovation and innovative manifestations of competition, and changed nature of competition. Authors include market economic mechanisms in innovative manifestations, political innovation -in innovation manifestations (unfair, in particular), the lack of harmonization of macroeconomic, microeconomic and regional innovation activities and innovative nature of it. The signs of nature of competition are identified, such as the co-creator of products, individualization of production, the possibility of using nontraditional resources, and others. Practical use of specific signs of the competition manifestation in the organizations of the Voronezh region, such as common values of consumers and producers, the transformation of the role of the consumer, the spread of the process of convergence and also increase of demand for innovation and creating advantage through intellectual components is considered.
The topic of increasing labor productivity for Russia is the most important task, without which the country will have no prospects for reaching the level of developed countries in the world. The results of labor productivity growth have a positive effect on personnel, capital, manufactured products, increased competitiveness, reduced costs, increased sales and profits. In this regard, at the federal level, a national project “Labor productivity and employment support” was developed and approved. The paper considers approaches to the concept of labor productivity, which differ among specialists of various profiles. Many of them mix the terms “efficiency” and “productivity”. A significant number of publications on the topic of labor productivity are actually devoted to efficiency, although efficiency and labor productivity are concepts that are not identical. It should be noted that labor productivity is associated with almost all performance criteria and is the most important of them. The factors that affect the productivity of a subsidiary to develop proposals for updating strategic documents determining its development in the future are analyzed. The factors of labor productivity according to the principle of taxonomy are considered. The main constraints to the growth of labor productivity are determined. The issues of increasing labor productivity are considered. The calculation of the total weight development coefficient of the personnel of one of the subsidiaries showed its growth of over 30%.
кафедра экономической безопасности и финансового мониторинга, Воронежский государственный университет инженерных технологий, пр-т Революции, 19, г. Воронеж, 394036, Россия Воронежский государственный технический университет, Московский пр-т 14, г. Воронеж, 394026, Россия Реферат. Предлагается механизм оценки экономической эффективности системы менеджмента качества предприятия (СМК), построенный на базе метода калькуляции затрат на качество. Дается авторская трактовка механизма, приводится его структура, включающая: объект оценки; методологию оценки эффективности; критерии оценки эффективности функционирования СМК; способ измерения и сравнения показателей эффективности функционирования СМК с критериями эффективности; метод оценки и анализа полученных результатов; методику оценки; инструментарий оценки эффективности систем менеджмента. В соответствии с авторской позицией в отношении классификации затрат на качество, для оценки экономической эффективности системного управления качеством рассчитываются два уровня затрат: единовременные капитальные вложения (инвестиции) и текущие расходы, связанные с функционированием системы менеджмента качества. В работе представлена структура этих затрат и методики их р асчета. Для решения проблемы вычленения из общего прироста результативного показателя той доли его изменения, которая вызвана достижениями в области качества предлагается увязать увеличение результативного показателя напрямую с изменением стоимости качества. Предложены методы и показатели оценки экономической эффективности системы менеджмента качества, сгруппированные по способу сопоставления затрат и результатов в две группы: статические и динамические. Ключевые слова: система менеджмента качества, экономическая эффективность, механизм, стоимость качества, экономика качества
Economic security qualitatively characterizes the economic system, determining its ability to maintain normal conditions for the functioning of the population, the constant provision of resources for the development of the national economy, and the consistent protection of national interests. Due to the development of contradictions both within the region and beyond, there are threats to the economic security of the region. Threats affect local economic processes, causing imbalance in the regional economy, and thus contributing to the loss of control over the stages of reproduction of the aggregate social product. To select the optimal methodology for assessing the level of economic security in the region, the authors conducted a comparative analysis of existing methods, identifying their advantages and disadvantages. An assessment of the current state of the economic security of the Central Black Earth region was carried out using the provisions of the D.V. Tretyakov’s methodology, which showed a fairly high level of economic security of all areas included in the region. The analysis of the main indicators of the Central Black Earth region development, carried out by the authors with the help of “zone theory”, made it possible to identify the main threats: a high level of property differentiation of the population; low spending on health and culture; low level of expenses for education and support of scientific potential and innovation activity; high dependence of the economy on imports; high mortality rates of the population, including infants; insufficient growth of industrial production; high growth rate of consumer prices. Based on the results of the analysis, the authors proposed recommendations for neutralizing threats and improving the economic security of the Central Black Earth region.
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