No abstract

Water vapor is a primary rainfall source for the development of torrential rainfall events. By using a Lagrangian flexible particle dispersion model (FLEXPART), the water vapor transports associated with torrential rainfall over Xinjiang, China, during April–September of 2008–15 are examined in this study. The results show that water vapor related to torrential rainfall events is mostly transported by westerly winds. The moisture sources for the development of torrential rainfall over four areas (Altay, Ili Valley, Hami, and Aksu-Kashgar) are mainly from Xinjiang and central Asia. The north Asia area and the Mediterranean/Black/Caspian Sea region are also important contributors to moisture source over the Altay area. Over Ili Valley, both the central Asia area and Xinjiang contribute 40% of water vapor to rainfall sources. Over the Hami area, 70% of the moisture source is from the Xinjiang. Over the Aksu-Kashgar area, the central Asia region is the most important moisture source area.

No abstract

Self-supporting Ni4Mo–V2O3 nanosheets, which combine oxophilic V2O3 as a water dissociation center with Ni4Mo as a proton recombination site, display an extremely low overpotential (39.3 mV at 10 mA cm−2) for hydrogen evolution at neutral pH.

To realize efficient, fast separations on pillar array columns with turns, a novel turn with low-dispersion and low-pressure-drop properties was developed. This "pillar-distribution-controlled" (PDC) turn was designed as a constant-radius turn filled with octagonal pillars that were arranged to control the linear velocity of the mobile phase in the radial direction. After the pillar positions were adjusted by computational fluid dynamics analysis, 27 mm long pillar array columns with two turns were fabricated on a 20 × 20 mm(2) silicon glass plate. The PDC turns suppressed the sample dispersion to a similar extent as the previously developed tapered turn, and the pressure drop of the newly designed turn was reduced to ∼1/6 that of the tapered turn. Moreover, the C18-modified pillar array column with the PDC turns showed good bioanalytical applicability; five fluorescently labeled amino acids were separated in only 24 s at a linear velocity of 7.5 mm/s. The developed turn structure offers the advantages of longer pillar array columns with more turns for the fast analysis of complex samples.

Metal alloys are valuable for achieving energy‐ and cost‐efficient electrocatalysis. To maximize active sites exposure and electron transport, a general method to prepare binder‐free Ni‐M (M = Mo, Ge, Sn) bimetallic alloy nanosheets electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is successfully developed for the first time, via topotactic transformation of layered nickel hydroxide salts (Ni‐LHS). The obtained bimetallic alloys show much improved HER performance to that of Ni. In particular, Ni4Mo alloy nanosheets exhibit HER activity with an overpotential of only 69.6 mV at 100 mA cm−2 and a low Tafel slope of 37 mV decade−1 in alkaline medium, due to large electrochemical active surface area and low charge transfer resistance. Moreover, Ni4Mo alloy nanosheets also show high HER activity in both acidic and neutral electrolytes with long‐term stability, demonstrating superior activity comparable to or better than state‐of‐the‐art commercial Pt/C catalyst. This topotactic transformation method using LHS precursors provides a way to design and fabricate cost‐effective and energy‐efficient ultrathin 2D bimetallic alloy nanosheets for electrocatalysis, greatly broadening the scope of the currently available self‐supporting metal alloy electrocatalysts.

No abstract

Glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR) affords an energetically more favorable route for assisted H2 production compared to oxygen evolution reaction, with concurrent anodic value-added chemical generation. Herein, the self-supported CoP-Cu3P composite...