The distributions and direct radiative effects of marine aerosols over East Asia in springtime

Li, Jiawei; Han, Zhiwei; Yao, Xiaohong; Xie, Zhengguang; Tan, Shuxin

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.368

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…It should be mentioned that due to the much smaller MSOA concentration than MPOA concentration, the above DREMOA was dominantly contributed by MPOA, similar to the findings from previous studies (Arnold et al, 2009;Booge et al, 2016;Li et al, 2019).…”

Section: Direct Radiative Effect Due To Moasupporting

confidence: 89%

“…To our knowledge, only two of our previous studies explored the effects of MPOA on chemical composition, radiation and cloud over the western Pacific in springtime with an online-coupled regional chemistry/aerosol-climate model RIEMS-Chem (Han et al, 2019;Li et al, 2019), whereas the seasonality and annual aspect of MPOA and MSOA produced by marine isoprene and terpene are still unknown. In this study, we conducted a one-year simulation with the developed RIEMS-Chem to further explore the characteristics and radiative impacts of marine organic aerosols over the western Pacific.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal characteristics of emission, distribution and radiative effect of marine organic aerosols over the western Pacific Ocean: an analysis combining observations with regional modeling

Han

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Organic aerosols from marine sources over the western Pacific Ocean of East Asia were investigated by using an online-coupled regional chemistry-climate model RIEMS-Chem for the entire year 2014. Model evaluation against a wide variety of observations from research cruises and in-situ measurements demonstrated a good skill of the model in simulating temporal variation and spatial distribution of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm and 10 μm (PM2.5 and PM10), black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), and aerosol optical depth (AOD) in marine atmosphere. The inclusion of marine organic aerosols apparently improved model performance on OC aerosol concentration, reducing the normalized mean biases from −19 % to −13 % (KEXUE-1 cruise) and −21 % to −3 % (Huaniao Island) over the marginal seas of east China, and from 33 % to 5 % (Dongfanghong II cruise) and from −13 % to 3 % (Chichijima Island) over remote oceans of the western Pacific. It was found that marine primary organic aerosol (MPOA) accounted for majority of marine organic aerosol (MOA) mass in the western Pacific. High MPOA emission mainly occurred over the marginal seas of China and remote oceans of the western Pacific northeast of Japan. The seasonality of MPOA emission is determined by the combined effect of Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration and sea salt emission flux, exhibiting the maximum in autumn and the minimum in summer in terms of domain average over the western Pacific. The annual mean MPOA emission rate was estimated to be 0.16×10−2 μg m−2 s−1, yielding an annual MPOA emission of 0.78 Tg yr−1 over the western Pacific, which potentially accounted for approximately 8~12 % of global annual MPOA emission. The regional and annual mean near surface MOA concentration was estimated to be 0.27 μg m−3 over the western Pacific, with the maximum in spring and the minimum in winter, resulting from the combined effect of MPOA emission, dry and wet depositions. Marine secondary organic aerosol (MSOA) produced by marine biogenic VOCs (isoprene and monoterpene) was approximately 1~2 orders of magnitude lower than MPOA. The simulated annual and regional mean MSOA was 2.2 ng m−3, with the maximum daily mean value up to 28 ng m−3 over the western Pacific in summer. MSOA had a distinct summer maximum and winter minimum in the western Pacific, generally consistent with the seasonality of marine isoprene emission flux. In terms of annual mean, 26 % of the total organic aerosol concentration was contributed by MOA over the western Pacific, with an increasing importance of MOA from the marginal seas of China (13 %) to remote oceans of the western Pacific (42 %). MOA induced a minor direct radiative effect (DRE), with a domain and annual mean of −0.21 W m−2 at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) under all-sky condition over the western Pacific, whereas the mean indirect radiative effect (IRE) due to MOA at TOA (IREMOA) was estimated to be −4.2 W m−2. MSOA contributed approximately 6 % of the annual and regional mean IREMOA over the western Pacific, with the maximum seasonal mean contribution up to 14 % in summer, which meant MPOA dominated the IREMOA. It was noteworthy that the IREMOA accounted for approximately 32 % of that due to all aerosols over the western Pacific of East Asia, indicating an important role of MOA in perturbing cloud properties and shortwave radiation in this region.

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Section: Direct Radiative Effect Due To Moasupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal characteristics of emission, distribution and radiative effect of marine organic aerosols over the western Pacific Ocean: an analysis combining observations with regional modeling

Han

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…RIEMS-Chem has been successfully applied in previous modeling studies of anthropogenic aerosols, mineral dust and marine aerosols regarding spatial-temporal distributions, physical and chemical evolutions, radiative and climatic effects over east Asia (Han et al, 2011b;2013;Li et al, 2014;Li and Han, 2016b;2016c;Li et al, 2019b). RIEMS-Chem have been participating in the international model comparison project Model Inter Comparison Study for Asia phase III (MICS-Asia III) and shows a good ability in predicting PM2.5 concentration and AOD over East Asia (Gao et al, 2018).…”

Section: Riems Had Participated In the Regional Climate Model Intercomentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol radiative effects and feedbacks on boundary layer meteorology and PM2.5 chemical components during winter haze events overthe Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region

Li¹,

Han²,

Wu³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. An online-coupled regional chemistry/aerosol-climate model (RIEMS-Chem) was developed and utilized to investigate the mechanisms of haze formation and evolution and aerosol radiative feedback during winter haze episodes in February&#8211;March 2014 over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region in China. Model comparison with a variety of observations demonstrated a good ability of RIEMS-Chem in reproducing meteorological variables, PBL heights, PM2.5 concentrations and its chemical components, as well as aerosol optical parameters. It was noteworthy that the model performances were remarkably improved for both meteorological variables and aerosol properties by taking aerosol radiative feedback into account, highlighting the necessity of developing online coupled chemistry-climate model. The weak southeasterly winds, high relative humidity and low PBL height favored accumulation and secondary formation of aerosols, resulting in a maximum daily and regional mean PM2.5 concentration exceeding 136&#8201;&#956;g&#8201;m&#8722;3 in the BTH region. The domain average aerosol radiative effects (AREs) were estimated to be &#8722;57&#8201;W&#8201;m&#8722;2 at the surface, 25&#8201;W&#8201;m&#8722;2 in the atmosphere and &#8722;32&#8201;W &#8201;m&#8722;2 at the top of atmosphere (TOA), respectively, during the severe haze episode (20&#8211;26 February), and the maximum hourly ARE at the surface reached &#8722;384&#8201;W&#8201;m&#8722;2 in the vicinity of Shijiazhuang in southern Hebei province during this episode. The average feedback-induced changes in 2-m air temperature (T2), 10-m wind speed (WS10), 2-m relative humidity (RH2) and planetary boundary layer (PBL) height over the BTH region during the haze episode were &#8722;1.8&#8201;&#176;C, &#8722;0.5&#8201;m&#8201;s&#8722;1, 10.0&#8201;% and &#8722;184&#8201;m, respectively. The domain average changes in PM2.5 concentration due to the feedback were estimated to be 20.0&#8201;&#956;g&#8201;m&#8722;3 (29&#8201;%) and 45.1&#8201;&#956;g&#8201;m&#8722;3 (39&#8201;%) for the entire period and the severe haze episode, respectively, and they were enhanced to 21.1&#8201;&#956;g&#8201;m&#8722;3 (36&#8201;%) and 49.3&#8201;&#956;g&#8201;m&#8722;3 (49&#8201;%) in terms of daytime mean during the haze episode, which demonstrated a significant impact of aerosol radiative feedback on haze formation. The relative changes in secondary aerosols were larger than those in primary aerosols, because chemical reactions were also enhanced in addition to weakened diffusion by the feedback. The absolute change in PM2.5 concentrations caused by aerosol feedback was largest in the persistence stage, followed by those in the growth stage and in the dissipating stage. Process analyses on haze events in Beijing revealed that local emission, chemical reaction and regional transport mainly contributed to haze formation in the growth stage, whereas vertical processes (diffusion, advection and dry deposition) were major processes for PM2.5 removals. Chemical processes and local emissions dominated the increase in PM2.5 concentrations during the severe haze episode, whereas horizontal advection contributed to the PM2.5 increase with a similar magnitude to local emissions and chemical processes during a moderate haze episode on 1&#8211;4 March. The contributions from physical and chemical processes to the feedback-induced changes in PM2.5 and its major components were explored and quantified through process analyses. For the severe haze episode, the increase in the change rate of PM2.5 (9.5&#8201;&#956;g&#8201;m&#8722;3&#8201;h&#8722;1) induced by the feedback in the growth stage was attributed to the larger contribution from chemical processes (7.3&#8201;&#956;g&#8201;m&#8722;3&#8201;h&#8722;1) than that from physical processes (2.2&#8201;&#956;g&#8201;m&#8722;3&#8201;h&#8722;1), whereas, during the moderate haze episode, the increase in the PM2.5 change rate (2.4&#8201;&#956;g&#8201;m&#8722;3&#8201;h&#8722;1) in the growth stage was contributed more significantly by physical processes (1.4&#8201;&#956;g&#8201;m&#8722;3&#8201;h&#8722;1) than by chemical processes (1.0&#8201;&#956;g&#8201;m&#8722;3&#8201;h&#8722;1). In general, the aerosol-radiation feedback increased the accumulation rate of aerosols in the growth stage through weakening vertical diffusion, promoting chemical reactions, and/or enhancing horizontal advection. It enhanced the removal rate through increasing vertical diffusion and vertical advection in the dissipation stage, and had little effect on the change rate of PM2.5 in the persistence stage.

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“…Aerosols can perturb the radiative balance of the atmosphere and surface by directly scattering and absorbing solar radiation (direct radiative effect), or indirectly serving as cloud condensation nucleus and then altering cloud properties (indirect radiative effect) (J. Gao et al., 2018; Z. Li, Guo, et al., 2017; J. Li, Han, et al., 2019; Z. Li, Rosenfeld, et al., 2017; B. Zhao et al., 2017). The perturbed radiative balance induces changes in a set of meteorological variables (e.g., temperature, relative humidity, wind, and planetary boundary layer height), and further exert feedbacks on air quality by altering physical and chemical process (J. Li et al., 2020; Lou et al., 2017, 2019; Petaja et al., 2016; Yang et al., 2017), which is known as aerosol‐radiation feedback (ARF hereafter).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced PM_2.5 Decreases and O₃ Increases in China During COVID‐19 Lockdown by Aerosol‐Radiation Feedback

Zhu

Chen

Liao

et al. 2021

Geophysical Research Letters

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The distributions and direct radiative effects of marine aerosols over East Asia in springtime

Cited by 20 publications

References 84 publications

Seasonal characteristics of emission, distribution and radiative effect of marine organic aerosols over the western Pacific Ocean: an analysis combining observations with regional modeling

Seasonal characteristics of emission, distribution and radiative effect of marine organic aerosols over the western Pacific Ocean: an analysis combining observations with regional modeling

Aerosol radiative effects and feedbacks on boundary layer meteorology and PM<sub>2.5</sub> chemical components during winter haze events overthe Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region

Enhanced PM_2.5 Decreases and O₃ Increases in China During COVID‐19 Lockdown by Aerosol‐Radiation Feedback

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The distributions and direct radiative effects of marine aerosols over East Asia in springtime

Cited by 20 publications

References 84 publications

Seasonal characteristics of emission, distribution and radiative effect of marine organic aerosols over the western Pacific Ocean: an analysis combining observations with regional modeling

Seasonal characteristics of emission, distribution and radiative effect of marine organic aerosols over the western Pacific Ocean: an analysis combining observations with regional modeling

Aerosol radiative effects and feedbacks on boundary layer meteorology and PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; chemical components during winter haze events overthe Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region

Enhanced PM2.5 Decreases and O3 Increases in China During COVID‐19 Lockdown by Aerosol‐Radiation Feedback

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Aerosol radiative effects and feedbacks on boundary layer meteorology and PM<sub>2.5</sub> chemical components during winter haze events overthe Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region

Enhanced PM_2.5 Decreases and O₃ Increases in China During COVID‐19 Lockdown by Aerosol‐Radiation Feedback