Infrared thermography (IRT) absorbs infrared radiation and generates images based on the amount of heat generated. It has been used in human medicine for diagnosis of various cancers. This experiment was conducted to determine if IRT had merit for early detection of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows. Milk sample and skin surface temperature (SST) were simultaneously evaluated using the California Mastitis Test (CMT) and IRT for each quarter in 94 dairy cows (49 Brown Swiss and 45 Holstein). Average days in milk (DIM) and milk production were 93 +/- 37 d and 16 +/- 2.2 kg (mean +/- SD) and their ages ranged from 4 to 8 yr. There was a strong correlation between SST and CMT score (r = 0.92). Average SST was 33.19, 34.08, 34.99, and 36.15 degrees C for quarters with the CMT score of 0 (n = 156), +1 (n = 116), +2 (n = 80), and +3 (n = 24), respectively. This association was best described by a linear model as follows: y = 0.94x + 33.17, R(2) = 0.85, where y = SST and x = CMT score. Changes in rectal temperature (RT) due to the CMT score were minor (y = 0.09x + 38.39, R(2) = 0.07, where y = RT and x = average CMT score). In conclusion, RT may not confirm mastitis. However, IRT is sensitive enough to perceive changes in SST in response to varying degrees of severity of the mammary gland infection as reflected by the CMT score, suggesting that as a noninvasive tool, IRT can be employed for screening dairy cows for mastitis.

No abstract

This study was conducted to examine the potential of cuttlebone xenograft in the healing of bone using radiography and histology for a period of 24 weeks. One hundred and five New Zealand male rabbits with radius defects in the metaphyseal region were divided into five groups treated with cuttlebone, demineralized bone matrix, bovine cancellous graft, and tricalcium phosphate. The control was no treatment. Clinical, radiological, biochemical and histological evaluations were made 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, and 24 weeks after surgery. Physiological measurements (body temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate) were not affected by the treatments. The radiological score was greatest in the demineralised bone matrix and tricalcium phosphate groups (score of 8), followed by the bovine cancellous graft (score of 6), cuttlebone (score of 6), and control groups (score of 5). The histological score was greatest in the tricalcium phosphate group (score of 55), followed by the cuttlebone (score of 50), bovine cancellous graft (score of 48), demineralized bone matrix (score of 44) and control groups (score of 42). Oxidative enzyme activities were not different across the treatments. The lack of reinfection and infection responses and faster bone union highlight the potential of cuttlebone xenograft in orthopaedic surgery.

No abstract

ZT combination did not have a significant effect on IOP in cats, when administered by IM or IN routes.

Objective To determine whether the sympathetic nervous system plays a role in the contralateral testicular deterioration encountered in varicocele. Materials and methods Forty male Sprague-Dawley albino rats (28 days old) were divided equally into four treatment groups, i.e. (1) sham operation, (2) with varicocele, (3) treated by chemical sympathectomy plus varicocele, and (4) chemical sympathectomy only. Chemical sympathectomy was induced by administering intraperitoneal 6-OH dopamine (100 mg/g for 5 days) in groups 3 and 4; groups 1 and 2 received equal volumes of physiological saline by the same route. All rats underwent laparotomy and part of the left renal vein (distal to the spermatic vein con¯uence) was isolated and encircled with a 4/0 silk suture. The suture was left untied in group 2, and tied around a 24 F peripheral venous cannula in groups 3 and 4. The testes were then excised when the rats were 70 days old; malondialdehyde (MDA) in the testicular tissue was assayed by the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances method, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) levels were determined by spectrophotometric analysis. Results Varicocele resulted in a signi®cant increase in MDA levels in both testes and chemical sympathectomy prevented this effect. SOD and GSH-Px values were signi®cantly decreased in both testes in group 2; chemical sympathectomy also prevented this effect. Conclusion An induced unilateral varicocele signi®cantly increases the biochemical indicators of tissue hypoxia in both testes. As this increase was prevented by chemical sympathectomy, the sympathetic nervous system may play a role in the testicular degeneration associated with varicocele.

The aim of this research was to compare rectal, eye and ear temperature of 30 healthy Kangal dogs. Rectal temperature was measured by use of standard rectal digital thermometer. Right and left eye temperatures were detected by infrared thermal camera from the carancula lacrimalis region. Tympanic thermometer was used to determine right and left ear temperatures. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation test. The comparative analysis showed no significant differences between the measurement methods. Measuring of ear and eye temperature could be an alternative method to obtain body temperature in Kangal dogs. Keywords: Body temperature, Rectal temperature, Eye, Ear, Kangal dog Kangal Irkı Köpeklerde Kulak, Göz ve Rektal Isıların Karşılaştırılması ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı 30 sağlıklı kangal köpeğinin kulak, göz ve rektal ısılarını karşılaştırmaktı. Rektal ısı standart digital rektal termometre kullanılarak ölçüldü. Sağ ve sol göz ısısı carancula lacrimalis bölgesinden kızılötesi termal kamera ile belirlendi. Timpanik termometre sağ ve sol kulak ısı değerlerini belirlemede kullanıldı. Veriler Pearson korelasyon testi ile analiz edildi. Karşılaştırmalı analizler tüm metodlar arasında önemli bir farklılık olmadığını gösterdi. Kangal köpeklerinde kulak ve göz ısısının ölçülmesi, vücut ısısının belirlenmesi için alternatif bir yöntem olabilir.

Septic arthritis is defined as inflammation of a joint caused by various microorganisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnosis and treatment characteristics of septic arthritis encountered in 82 calves. Fifty-eight cases were monoarthritis, and 24 cases were polyarthritis. Omphalitis was detected in 17 calves. Dorsal, medial and lateral thermograms of joints revealed hot points (n=82). In ultrasonographic examination, inflammatory effusions with different echogenity were seen. Widening of joint space (n=35) and new bone formation (n=42) were detected by radiography. Arcanobacterium pyogenes and Escherichia coli (83%) were commonly founded microorganisms. Medical treatment was successful in total of 59 calves (71.9%), 1 calf with polyarthritis and 58 calves with monoarthritis. Twenty-three calves were slaughtered because no clinical improvement was observed till the 14 day of treatment.Keywords: Calves, Septic arthritis, Thermography, Treatment. Septik Artritisli Yeni Doğan Buzağılarda Radyografik, Ultrasonografik ve Termografik Bulgular: 82 olgu (2006-2013)Öz: Septik arthritis birçok mikroorganizmanın neden olduğu bir eklem yangısıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı 82 buzağıda karşılaşılan septik artritisin tanı ve sağaltımını değerlendirmektir. Elli-sekiz olguda monoartritis, 24 olguda ise poliartritis görüldü. Omfalitis 17 buzağıda belirlendi. Alınan termogramlar ile eklemlerin dorsal, medial ve lateral yüzlerindeki sıcak noktalar (n=82) belirlendi. Ultrasonografik muayenede farklı ekojenitede yangısel effüzyonlar görüldü. Radyografide, eklem aralığının genişlemesi (n=35) ve yeni kemik formasyonları (n=42) belirlendi. Değerlendirilen eklemlerden en sık Arcanobacterium pyogenes ve Escherichia coli (83%) izole edildi. Medikal sağaltım, monoartritisli 58 buzağı ve poliartritisli 1 buzağı olmak üzere toplan 59 buzağıda (71.9%) başarılı oldu. Yirmi-üç buzağıda, sağaltımın 14. güne kadar klinik bir ilerleme olmadığından, bu olgular kesime sevk edildi.